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Muscat
Muscat (; ) is the
capital and most populous city in
Oman. It is the seat of the
Governorate of Muscat. According to the
National Centre for Statistics and Information (NCSI), the population of the Muscat Governorate in 2022 was 1.72 million. The metropolitan area includes six
provinces, called , and spans approximately , making it the largest city by area on the Arabian Peninsula. Known since the early 1st century CE as a leading port for trade between the
west and the
east, Muscat was ruled successively by various indigenous tribes, as well as by foreign powers such as the
Persians, the
Portuguese Empire and the
Ottoman Empire. In the 18th century, Muscat was a regional military power: its influence extended as far as
East Africa and
Zanzibar. As an important port town in the
Gulf of Oman, Muscat attracted foreign traders and settlers such as the Persians, the
Balochs and the
Sindhis. Beginning in 1970, after the accession of
Qaboos bin Said as the
Sultan of Oman, Muscat experienced rapid infrastructural development; it developed a vibrant economy and became a multi-ethnic society. The
Globalization and World Cities Research Network classifies Muscat as a Beta-level
Global City.
The
Hajar Mountains dominate the view from Muscat. The city lies on the
Arabian Sea, along the Gulf of Oman, near the strategically important
Straits of Hormuz. Low-lying white buildings are a typical feature of its architecture. The city's
port district of
Muttrah, with its
corniche and harbour, are at the north-eastern edge of the city. Muscat's economy is dominated by trade, petroleum, liquified natural gas and porting.
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