Unlocking the potential of micro-hydropower in water distribution networks: a comprehensive systematic review for Malaysia's sustainable energy future

• Published in: DISCOVER SUSTAINABILITY
• Main Authors: Rahman, Muhammad Fazrulilahi Abdul; Kamal, Norashikin Ahmad; Abdullah, Jazuri; Quaranta, Emanuele; Shin, Sangmin
• Format: Review
• Language: English
• Published: SPRINGERNATURE 2025
• Subjects: Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
• Online Access: https://www-webofscience-com.uitm.idm.oclc.org/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001406172000001

MHP is a renewable energy technology that transforms the kinetic energy of flowing water into electrical power. With the rising interest in sustainable energy, there is a potential for enhanced integration of micro-hydropower (MHP) with water distribution networks (WDNs) for energy generation and pressure regulation. The deployment of this technology in Malaysia has been impeded by several obstacles. The possibility of integrating MHP into WDNs will be assessed in the context of Malaysian urban environments. The evaluation emphasizes that WDNs ensure consistent water flow and quality, hence decreasing operational expenses and turbine degradation, rendering MHP a dependable and sustainable energy source. Analysis indicates that interest in MHP escalated in 2011, with pertinent studies rising by 70% by 2020. MHP systems are feasible for decentralized and sustainable energy production; nevertheless, problems including infrastructure constraints, substantial initial costs, and the requirement for technical proficiency persist. This study examines MHP systems, including their classification, components, power production, and efficiency within the specific infrastructural and energy context of Malaysia. The article evaluates Malaysia's hydropower potential in water distribution networks, utilizing methodology derived from successful European models, and examines how strategic policies could enhance installed capacity. The findings indicate that Malaysia may achieve its renewable energy objectives by formulating effective policies to optimize the current water infrastructure, while promoting environmental, economic, and energy security aims. Malaysia can lead Southeast Asia's sustainable energy initiatives by advancing micro-hydropower, hybrid energy systems, and community engagement. The evaluation aims to guide future research and policy initiatives to expedite the country's energy transformation through the integration of micro-hydropower in water distribution networks.