Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge for hydrochar production: optimization of operating conditions using Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology

Hydrochar was produced from sewage sludge via the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process. The effects of carbonization temperature (150-300 degrees C), solid load (10-30%), and reaction time (30-120 min) were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken factorial...

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Published in:BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
Main Authors: Roslan, Siti Zaharah; Zainol, Muzakkir Mohammad; Bikane, Kagiso; Syed-Hassan, Syed Shatir A.
Format: Article; Early Access
Language:English
Published: SPRINGER HEIDELBERG 2024
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www-webofscience-com.uitm.idm.oclc.org/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001221490100001
author Roslan
Siti Zaharah; Zainol
Muzakkir Mohammad; Bikane
Kagiso; Syed-Hassan
Syed Shatir A.
spellingShingle Roslan
Siti Zaharah; Zainol
Muzakkir Mohammad; Bikane
Kagiso; Syed-Hassan
Syed Shatir A.
Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge for hydrochar production: optimization of operating conditions using Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology
Energy & Fuels; Engineering
author_facet Roslan
Siti Zaharah; Zainol
Muzakkir Mohammad; Bikane
Kagiso; Syed-Hassan
Syed Shatir A.
author_sort Roslan
spelling Roslan, Siti Zaharah; Zainol, Muzakkir Mohammad; Bikane, Kagiso; Syed-Hassan, Syed Shatir A.
Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge for hydrochar production: optimization of operating conditions using Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
English
Article; Early Access
Hydrochar was produced from sewage sludge via the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process. The effects of carbonization temperature (150-300 degrees C), solid load (10-30%), and reaction time (30-120 min) were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken factorial design. The optimum operating conditions for hydrochar production were determined by maximizing three key responses: solid yield, higher heating value (HHV), and energy yield. The results showed that the HTC process increased the carbon content from 30.02 wt.% to 37.53 wt.% while decreasing the hydrogen content from 5.26 wt.% to 3.18 wt.% and oxygen content from 25.55 wt.% to 9.48 wt.%, affecting the HHV and energy yield of the hydrochar. As for the optimization, the findings indicate the suitability of a quadratic model, revealing the most favorable conditions to be the temperature of 150 degrees C, the solid load of 30%, and the reaction time of 30 min, resulting in hydrochar with a solid yield of 71.24%, an HHV of 17.90 MJ/kg, and an energy yield of 94.81%. Of all the process parameters, temperature had the most significant influence on all responses. Further characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated enhanced conversion of sewage sludge to hydrochar, evidenced by a notable reduction in peak intensities of solid product compared to the parent material. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed structural and porosity changes in sewage sludge post-HTC treatment. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated remarkable improvements in the combustion performance of hydrochar, including increased ignition temperature (241.91 degrees C) and burnout temperature (688 degrees C). The results of this optimization study offer valuable insights for the scalable implementation of the HTC process in efficiently producing solid fuel from sewage sludge.
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
2190-6815
2190-6823
2024


10.1007/s13399-024-05729-5
Energy & Fuels; Engineering

WOS:001221490100001
https://www-webofscience-com.uitm.idm.oclc.org/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001221490100001
title Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge for hydrochar production: optimization of operating conditions using Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology
title_short Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge for hydrochar production: optimization of operating conditions using Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology
title_full Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge for hydrochar production: optimization of operating conditions using Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology
title_fullStr Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge for hydrochar production: optimization of operating conditions using Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology
title_full_unstemmed Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge for hydrochar production: optimization of operating conditions using Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology
title_sort Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge for hydrochar production: optimization of operating conditions using Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology
container_title BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
language English
format Article; Early Access
description Hydrochar was produced from sewage sludge via the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process. The effects of carbonization temperature (150-300 degrees C), solid load (10-30%), and reaction time (30-120 min) were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken factorial design. The optimum operating conditions for hydrochar production were determined by maximizing three key responses: solid yield, higher heating value (HHV), and energy yield. The results showed that the HTC process increased the carbon content from 30.02 wt.% to 37.53 wt.% while decreasing the hydrogen content from 5.26 wt.% to 3.18 wt.% and oxygen content from 25.55 wt.% to 9.48 wt.%, affecting the HHV and energy yield of the hydrochar. As for the optimization, the findings indicate the suitability of a quadratic model, revealing the most favorable conditions to be the temperature of 150 degrees C, the solid load of 30%, and the reaction time of 30 min, resulting in hydrochar with a solid yield of 71.24%, an HHV of 17.90 MJ/kg, and an energy yield of 94.81%. Of all the process parameters, temperature had the most significant influence on all responses. Further characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated enhanced conversion of sewage sludge to hydrochar, evidenced by a notable reduction in peak intensities of solid product compared to the parent material. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed structural and porosity changes in sewage sludge post-HTC treatment. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated remarkable improvements in the combustion performance of hydrochar, including increased ignition temperature (241.91 degrees C) and burnout temperature (688 degrees C). The results of this optimization study offer valuable insights for the scalable implementation of the HTC process in efficiently producing solid fuel from sewage sludge.
publisher SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
issn 2190-6815
2190-6823
publishDate 2024
container_volume
container_issue
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s13399-024-05729-5
topic Energy & Fuels; Engineering
topic_facet Energy & Fuels; Engineering
accesstype
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url https://www-webofscience-com.uitm.idm.oclc.org/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001221490100001
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