The impact of vitamin D on clinical parameters and bone turnover biomarkers in ligature-induced periodontitis: An experimental study in rats

• Published in: SAUDI DENTAL JOURNAL
• Main Authors: Zainal, Muhammad Hilmi; Hidayat, Faizal Hafez; Bayaty, Fouad H. Al
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: ELSEVIER 2023
• Subjects: Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
• Online Access: https://www-webofscience-com.uitm.idm.oclc.org/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001138831000001
• ISSN: 1013-9052; 1658-3558
• DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.07.020

Objectives and background: Vitamin D has been associated with an increased risk of tooth loss and the severity of periodontal diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on the clinical, radiographic, and serum level changes of bone turnover biomarkers in ligature-induced periodontitis.Methods: A total of 28 rats were included in this study and divided into test groups: Vitamin D supplement (VS), Vitamin D deficient (VD), and control (CG). Ligature-induced periodontal tissue destruction was performed and kept for 21 days. Clinical attachment and radiographic changes were recorded, and serum samples were tested for Osteoprotegerin (OPG), Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), Sclerostin (SOST), and Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) on the initial and final day of the study.Results: Groups that were made VD exhibited a more significant amount of clinical attachment loss (1.05 +/- 0.50 mm) compared to the CG (0.83 +/- 0.14 mm) and VS group (0.60 +/- 0.13 mm), showing significant differences (p < 0.05). The radiographic alveolar bone loss amount was greater in the VD group compared to the other groups. For serum level assessment, the VD groups also exhibited a statistically significant reduction in the levels of OPG. They showed higher concentrations of DKK1, SOST, and FGF23 than other groups, with significant differences (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The results revealed that Vitamin D may play a role in the progression of periodontal disease. It was found to affect both clinical parameters and bone turnover biomarkers, suggesting its potential impact on the disease process.