Kinetics of Essential Oil Extraction of Kaffir Lime Peel Using Microwave Assisted Hydrodistillation

• Published in: JOURNAL OF BIOMIMETICS BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
• Main Authors: Megawati, Bayu; Triwibowo, Bayu; Bahlawan, Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy; Jai, Junaidah; Sadewa, Pradipta Aji; Parastuti, Yuni Dwi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD 2023
• Subjects: Engineering
• Online Access: https://www-webofscience-com.uitm.idm.oclc.org/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001108600900004

The purpose of this study is to study the kinetics of kaffir lime peel essential oil extraction using microwave assisted hydrodistillation. Extraction was carried out at various powers and the ratios of material to solvent for 1 hour. Soxhlet extraction using n-hexane was also carried out to determine the essential oil yield. The extraction kinetics was investigated using a mass transfer-controlled approach and expressed by the 1st and 2nd order of reaction rate. The Soxhlet extraction results indicated that the kaffir lime peel essential oil yield was 5.65% w/w. The higher the microwave power being applied (180, 300, 450, and 600 Watt), the higher the essential oil yielded (2.2; 2.8; 3; and 3.8% w/w), respectively, but at 800 Watt, the yield decreased (3.2% w/w). The smaller the ratio of material to solvent which means more diluted (1:3, 1:3.5, and 1:4 w/v), the lower the oil yield were (4.56; 3.9; and 3.8% w/w). Different results were obtained at a ratio of 1:3 (4.56% w/w) which produced a yield greater than the ratio of 1:1.25 (2.88% w/w). Therefore, the optimum conditions for extracting kaffir lime peel essential oil were at 600 Watt and a ratio of material to solvent 1:3 w/w for 56 minutes with a yield of 4.58% and a density of 0.86 g/cm3. The homogeneous kinetics model of the 2nd order better represented the experimental data. The extraction rate constants at 180, 300, 450, 600, and 800 Watt were 14.89; 14.95; 15.53; 21.32; and 19.85 L.g-1.min-1 as well as at the material to solvent ratio of 1:2.5; 1:3; 1:3.5; and 1:4 w/v were 17.38; 19.80; 22.09; and 32.31 L.g-1.min-1. The extraction capacity was also affected by the power and the ratio of material to solvent, the extraction capacity were 0.0095; 0.0100; 0.0104; 0.0125; and 0.0106 g.L-1, at 180, 300, 450, 600, and 800 Watt respectively, and 0.0094; 0.0134; 0.0134; and 0.0118 g.L-1, at material to solvent ratio of 1:2.5; 1:3; 1:3,5; and 1:4 w/v respectively.