| 總結: | The increase in awareness of environmental issues and economic concerns has enabled the emergence of sustainable machining termed Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). However, the extreme conditions of high-speed cutting hard-to-cut materials have posed new challenges for MQL machining. Thus, the Nano MQL (NMQL) is introduced. In this research, hybrid SiO₂:TiO₂ nanoparticles are dispersed in a biodegradable base oil, and the stability, thermo-physical properties, and tribological perspectives are comprehensively investigated. Five volume concentrations of hybrid SiO₂:TiO₂ nanolubricants ranging from 0.01 % to 0.1 % volume concentration were investigated and compared against the base oil. In summary, 0.1 vol% hybrid SiO₂:TiO₂ in biodegradable base oil has demonstrated characteristics of potential advanced lubrication in MQL machining application © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
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