IoT-Based Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring and Sensor Calibration for Enhanced Accuracy and Reliability

• Published in: International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies
• Main Author: Bakar A.A.A.; Bakar Z.A.; Yusoff Z.M.; Ibrahim M.J.M.; Mokhtar N.A.; Zaiton S.N.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: International Federation of Engineering Education Societies (IFEES) 2025
• Online Access: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85216382257&doi=10.3991%2fijim.v19i01.51101&partnerID=40&md5=d1473253aee0c02e3647c9b3f401bb03

The increasing water pollution levels and the growing demand for clean water necessitate advanced monitoring solutions. This study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based real-time water quality monitoring system that addresses the limitations of traditional methods, which are often time-consuming and lack continuous monitoring capabilities. The system integrates pH, temperature, and turbidity sensors with an Arduino microcontroller and NodeMCU for Wi-Fi connectivity, transmitting data to a cloud platform for real-time access and analysis. The methodology involved interfacing these sensors with the microcontroller, displaying LCD data, and providing LED alerts. The findings indicate that the prototype’s readings closely align with laboratory measurements, with minor deviations in pH and temperature values and slightly more significant differences in turbidity readings. This demonstrates the prototype’s reliability and accuracy in real-time environmental monitoring. The conclusion emphasises the system’s potential to enhance water resource management through continuous and accurate tracking, enabling timely interventions. Future recommendations include improving sensor calibration, expanding the range of monitored parameters, and integrating advanced data analytics for predictive capabilities. The system’s real-time data logging capabilities significantly enhance water management by providing timely alerts and enabling proactive responses to water quality issues. The impact of this system is substantial, offering a scalable and cost-effective solution for continuous monitoring, thus contributing to improved water resource management and public health protection. © 2025 by the authors of this article.