| Summary: | This study aimed to assess the physicochemical properties of Helianthus annuus seed oil (sunflower oil, SFO) to evaluate its suitability and quality as a raw material in various industries. Analysis revealed the following properties: percentage of free fatty acids, FFA% (0.072%), acid value (0.14 mg KOH/g), iodine value (118.01 g I2/100g), saponification value (190.37 mg KOH/g), moisture content (0.091%), refractive index (1.475), specific gravity (0.9211), color (0.4R 4Y), pour point (-13 °C), flash point (280 °C), kinetic viscosity at 40 °C (30.54 cSt) and 100 °C (7.22 cSt), viscosity index (163), rheology (Newtonian) and thermal oxidative stability (353.8 °C). Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the fatty acid composition of SFO, with linoleic acid (51.18%) and oleic acid (33.11%) being the predominant fatty acids, followed by palmitic acid (8.12%) and stearic acid (5.06%). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were utilized to characterize the functional group and structure of SFO. These findings suggest that SFO exhibits favorable physicochemical properties, rendering it suitable for both industrial applications and as an edible oil. © 2024, Malaysian Society of Analytical Sciences. All rights reserved.
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