Shaking table test study on the influence of environment vibration on the ancient city wall of Xi'an

With the expansion of urban construction, more earthen sites are continuously damaged by environmental vibrations. The ancient city wall of Xi'an, which has a history of more than 600 years, is being affected by vibrations from subways, cars, and construction, yet the influence mechanism remain...

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Published in:Case Studies in Construction Materials
Main Author: Yang R.; Li J.; Nujid M.M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier Ltd 2025
Online Access:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85215384309&doi=10.1016%2fj.cscm.2025.e04265&partnerID=40&md5=eb7f036d13da9df395b07a7a10dcc94b
id 2-s2.0-85215384309
spelling 2-s2.0-85215384309
Yang R.; Li J.; Nujid M.M.
Shaking table test study on the influence of environment vibration on the ancient city wall of Xi'an
2025
Case Studies in Construction Materials
22

10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04265
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85215384309&doi=10.1016%2fj.cscm.2025.e04265&partnerID=40&md5=eb7f036d13da9df395b07a7a10dcc94b
With the expansion of urban construction, more earthen sites are continuously damaged by environmental vibrations. The ancient city wall of Xi'an, which has a history of more than 600 years, is being affected by vibrations from subways, cars, and construction, yet the influence mechanism remains unclear. This research aims to elucidate the response discipline of Xi'an City Wall to environmental vibration effect through on-site monitoring and scaled model experiments. A 1:30 scale earthen wall model was subjected to 100 cycles of fixed-frequency and sweep-frequency vibrations. Crack width, vibration acceleration, and displacement were measured using fiber Bragg grating sensors, accelerometers, dynamic displacement meters, and high-speed cameras. The test results show that the response frequency of the earthen ruins was from 6 to 20 Hz. The peak acceleration and displacement of the city wall have a significant amplification effect as the height increases. The larger the initial width of the crack, the more significant the response to vibration will be. The findings presented in this study elucidate several critical characteristics related to the deterioration of the Xi'an City Wall. These insights are of considerable significance for the implementation of vibration isolation protection measures and the restoration efforts for this historical structure. © 2025 The Authors
Elsevier Ltd
22145095
English
Article
All Open Access; Gold Open Access
author Yang R.; Li J.; Nujid M.M.
spellingShingle Yang R.; Li J.; Nujid M.M.
Shaking table test study on the influence of environment vibration on the ancient city wall of Xi'an
author_facet Yang R.; Li J.; Nujid M.M.
author_sort Yang R.; Li J.; Nujid M.M.
title Shaking table test study on the influence of environment vibration on the ancient city wall of Xi'an
title_short Shaking table test study on the influence of environment vibration on the ancient city wall of Xi'an
title_full Shaking table test study on the influence of environment vibration on the ancient city wall of Xi'an
title_fullStr Shaking table test study on the influence of environment vibration on the ancient city wall of Xi'an
title_full_unstemmed Shaking table test study on the influence of environment vibration on the ancient city wall of Xi'an
title_sort Shaking table test study on the influence of environment vibration on the ancient city wall of Xi'an
publishDate 2025
container_title Case Studies in Construction Materials
container_volume 22
container_issue
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04265
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85215384309&doi=10.1016%2fj.cscm.2025.e04265&partnerID=40&md5=eb7f036d13da9df395b07a7a10dcc94b
description With the expansion of urban construction, more earthen sites are continuously damaged by environmental vibrations. The ancient city wall of Xi'an, which has a history of more than 600 years, is being affected by vibrations from subways, cars, and construction, yet the influence mechanism remains unclear. This research aims to elucidate the response discipline of Xi'an City Wall to environmental vibration effect through on-site monitoring and scaled model experiments. A 1:30 scale earthen wall model was subjected to 100 cycles of fixed-frequency and sweep-frequency vibrations. Crack width, vibration acceleration, and displacement were measured using fiber Bragg grating sensors, accelerometers, dynamic displacement meters, and high-speed cameras. The test results show that the response frequency of the earthen ruins was from 6 to 20 Hz. The peak acceleration and displacement of the city wall have a significant amplification effect as the height increases. The larger the initial width of the crack, the more significant the response to vibration will be. The findings presented in this study elucidate several critical characteristics related to the deterioration of the Xi'an City Wall. These insights are of considerable significance for the implementation of vibration isolation protection measures and the restoration efforts for this historical structure. © 2025 The Authors
publisher Elsevier Ltd
issn 22145095
language English
format Article
accesstype All Open Access; Gold Open Access
record_format scopus
collection Scopus
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