Deep eutectic solvents in forensic drug analysis

• Published in: Green Analytical Methods and Miniaturized Sample Preparation Techniques for Forensic Drug Analysis
• Main Author: Yahaya N.; Zain N.N.M.; Miskam M.; Kamaruzaman S.; Mohamed A.H.
• Format: Book chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2024
• Online Access: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85211861456&doi=10.1016%2fB978-0-443-13907-9.00015-2&partnerID=40&md5=f81818288d3d0c2c72652e42bc080182

Efficient and rapid sample preparation is critical for routine analysis, including applications for forensic drug analysis. Routine practice with the requirement of high-throughput samples desires more efficient, fast, and greener approaches. Deep eutectic solvents are green solvents with unique criteria such as safety, nontoxicity in the case of natural deep eutectic solvents, nonvolatility, biodegradability, and relatively low cost. This chapter aims to discuss the recent advances and applications of microextraction techniques incorporated with deep eutectic solvents developed for forensic drugs, including liquid-phase microextraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, liquid-liquid microextraction, and solid-phase extraction. The fundamentals, preparation, and characterization of deep eutectic solvents are also included in this review. This chapter presents the development related to the application of deep eutectic solvents in microextraction techniques for the analysis of forensic drugs and is briefly discussed with a focus on published words from 2018 to 2023. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.