Cytogenetic profile of leukemia cases in northern region of Malaysia-A single centre retrospective study

• Published in: Asia-Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
• Main Author: Shamsuddin N.H.N.; Azhari A.R.; Azizan M.A.; Nazman H.N.M.; Abeden Z.; Ahid F.; Yusoff N.M.; Isa A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: University of Malaya 2024
• Online Access: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85211384830&doi=10.35118%2fapjmbb.2024.032.4.06&partnerID=40&md5=d3d548d5ec88da0147406a78e6dcd938

Leukemia is a heterogeneous disease in terms of cytogenetics, with four primary subtypes: acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL). As cytogenetic heterogeneity increases, the disease prognosis worsens, highlighting the significance of cytogenetic profile in disease diagnosis. In this study, we conducted cytogenetic profiling of 105 leukemia cases referred to the Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL) at the Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI) in northern Malaysia between 2006 and 2021. Of these cases, 50.47% were ALL, 37.14% were AML, and 12.38% were CML. Most of the patients, approximately 57.15%, were cytogenetically normal, while the rest, 42.85%, were cytogenetically abnormal. Overall, the most common cytogenetically abnormal karyotypes detected in patients were chromosomal translocation (20.95%), followed by complex karyotypes (13.33%), and chromosomal addition (4.76%). The majority of ALL patients were under 14 years old, whereas most AML and CML patients were older than 14. The correlation between the ages and the karyotype abnormalities in ALL, AML, and CML showed a negative moderate correlation (r=-0.501, p=0.312). In conclusion, cytogenetic profiling provides valuable insights into the disease's underlying mechanism, which may help strategize the treatment of leukemia patients. © 2024, University of Malaya. All rights reserved.