| Summary: | Introduction: More than half of humans’ Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) exposure comes from dietary ingestion. This study investigated the dietary pattern of Malaysian adults and its association with the detection of 5 PCB congeners in the plasma. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 129 patients with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) attending the UiTM Primary Care Medicine (PCM) clinic. The participant’s diet was assessed using a 128-item food frequency questionnaire. Results: PCB 206 was the most prevalent congener (74.4%) in the plasma of adults with MetS attending the UiTM PCM clinic, followed by PCB 180 (68.2%). The subjects’ dietary patterns did not align with the Malaysia Healthy Plate concept, where consuming fruit and vegetables, grains, and proteins accounted for one-third portion of the plate each. Fish consumption significantly predicted PCB 180 level (AO: 1.0880, 95% CI: 1.0064, 1.0996, p=0.043). Meanwhile, the detection of PCB 206 in the plasma was influenced by dairy product consumption (AO: 1.0065, 95% CI: 1.0009, 1.0128, p=0.032) as well as fruits and vegetables consumption (AOR: 0.9982, 95% CI: 0.9968, 0.9996, p=0.014). Conclusion: The threat of PCBs is still prevalent in the population. A more effective strategy is needed to raise awareness and promote adherence to the Malaysian Healthy Plate concept among adults. © 2024 Universiti Putra Malaysia Press. All rights reserved.
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