| Summary: | The Internet of things (IoT) and 5G technologies have recently advanced, making it possible to connect different sensors and processors in industrial and commercial applications using modern wireless network approaches. Virtual reality (VR) is one of the most cutting-edge wearable and wireless technologies that is expanding quickly. Various VR technologies are now available, and they are made to meet the demands of users, including people with disabilities (PWDs). Nevertheless, it was discovered that the VR technology created for users who are hearing impaired (HI) has been woefully inadequate, and specific design principles were discovered when developing VR technology for them. The results of a systematic review and critical evaluation of publications from the Scopus and Web of Science databases using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) technique are presented in this paper. The process is divided into four phases: developing the research questions, determining the resources, specifying the inclusion and exclusion standards, and assessing the findings. Five articles were chosen based on the criteria at the end of the process. Then, along with the VR applications that have been made accessible during the last 3 years (2021–2023), three themes relating to the principles of building VR technology were covered: assistive technology (AT), visual interaction (VI), and empathy. The findings of this study can be used as a guideline for future developers to ensure the future designs of VR models for the HI individuals could be improved. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.
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