| Summary: | Optimising agarwood using hydro distillation may have a significant impact on energy consumption and production since it is a crucial process for obtaining valuable aromatic chemicals. The purpose of this study is to investigate how different tuning strategies affect the process response in order to assess the controllability of an agarwood hydro distillation pot using the Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS). This study used a transfer function estimation approach to give a detailed of the system's behaviour and then applied it for designing of the controller which is Proportional Integral Derivative (PID). The comparison of PID controllers' performance for Ziegler Nichols, AMIGO, Takahashi and Chien-Hrones-Reswick (CHR) tuning rules in the hydro distillation process is presented in this study. The relative performances of PID tuning rules were assessed and examined in the context of transient responses such as settling time, peak time, rise time, percentage overshot, and also energy consumption. The effectiveness of the control techniques in optimising the energy consumption of the agarwood extraction process was evaluated. The results showed that PID Takahashi performed better for overshoot and peak time but in contrast for rise and settling time among the other controllers. Furthermore, PID Takahashi's also demonstrated minimum amount of energy consumption with 50,050 J compared to other PID controllers. Moreover, application of fine-tuning method was introduced and the finding indicated Takahashi tuning rule recorded a lowest energy efficiency of 48,610 J. © 2024 IEEE.
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