| Summary: | Malaysian Borneo is surrounded by the South China Sea, Sulu Sea, and Sulawesi Sea suitable for freshwater and marine aquaculture of a wide range of species for commercialization. Malaysian Borneo has 10,352 and 12,766 freshwater and marine producers, respectively. The production from both freshwater and marine aquaculture was 205,362 tonnes whereas Sabah solely produced 189,307 tonnes. Sarawak focuses on producing Red Tilapia, Catfish, and River carp for freshwater culture while White Leg Shrimp, Tiger Prawn, and Seabass for marine culture using freshwater and brackish-water ponds. Sabah produces Seaweed, White Leg Shrimp, and Milkfish for marine culture using longline and brackish-water ponds while freshwater culture focuses on Black and Red Tilapia in the pond. Disease outbreak issues arise as the aquaculture sector expands in Malaysian Borneo. The bacterial infection that causes Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (APHND) leads to mass mortality in shrimp production becoming the focus of marine culture for Sarawak and Sabah. Viral infection is the most common in freshwater culture in Sarawak caused by Tilapia Lake Virus Disease (TiLVD) which leads to mass mortality within 10 days. Fungus infection hampers the production of seeds while parasite affects the growth of cultured species for both marine and freshwater species in Malaysian Borneo. The usage of chemotherapeutants to treat disease leads to resistance to drugs creating a new threat to the Malaysia Borneo water. Types of culture system operation affecting the degree of disease outbreak should be the next focus of the study thus providing a brighter perspective on aquaculture management. © 2024 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.
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