Micro and nano-sized bubbles for sanitation and water reuse: from fundamentals to application

• Published in: Frontiers of Environmental Science and Engineering
• Main Author: Kadier A.; Akkaya G.K.; Singh R.; Niza N.M.; Parkash A.; Achagri G.; Bhagawati P.B.; Asaithambi P.; Al-Qodah Z.; Almanaseer N.; Osial M.; Olusegun S.J.; Pregowska A.; López-Maldonado E.A.
• Format: Review
• Language: English
• Published: Higher Education Press Limited Company 2024
• Online Access: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85205952822&doi=10.1007%2fs11783-024-1907-1&partnerID=40&md5=9de453130d61a3f1ecc402017415324d

The global scarcity of drinking water is an emerging problem associated with increasing pollution with many chemicals from industry and rapid microbial growth in aquatic systems. Despite the wide availability of conventional water and wastewater treatment methods, many limitations and challenges exist to overcome. Applying technology based on microbubbles (MBs) and nano-bubbles (NBs) offers ecological, fast, and cost-effective water treatment. All due to the high stability and long lifetime of the bubbles in the water, high gas transfer efficiency, free radical generation capacity, and large specific surface areas with interface potential of generated bubbles. MBs and NBs-based technology are attractive solutions in various application areas to improve existing water and wastewater treatment processes including industrial processes. In this paper, recent progress in NBs and MBs technology in water purification and wastewater treatment along with fundamentals, application, challenges, and future research were comperhensively discussed. © Higher Education Press 2024.