| Summary: | Cost overruns are typical in infrastructure projects all around the world. However, previous studies have shown a lack of understanding of the term complexity in the construction industry, specifically regarding infrastructure projects. This paper is part of the research project, which aims to identify the most significant complexity factors contributing to project performance and develop a complexity assessment model for infrastructure projects. This paper aims to categorize and rank the complexity factors affecting the cost performance of infrastructure projects during the pre-construction stage. A survey questionnaire was designed to identify complexity factors affecting infrastructure project cost performance during the pre-construction phases. One hundred and six (106) managers consisting of clients, consultants, contractors, sub-contractors, and others involved in infrastructure projects have responded to the survey. Using Rasch Model Analysis, the significant complexity factors with logit measure ranges show that these complexity factors are critical and vastly impact infrastructure project cost performance. The following six (6) most significant pre-construction complexity factors affecting cost performance (PRECO) have been identified: original design errors, low bid award that is qualified or non-compliant, redesign because over-budgeted, lack of optimization cost and time, lack of design coordination information between consultant and client, and unit prices that are not properly specified or evaluated. This study contributes to integrating complexity assessment for infrastructure projects during the pre-construction life cycle in line with the Twelfth Malaysia Plan for the construction industry. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.
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