| Summary: | Green highway differs from conventional due to their concept, funda-mentals, characteristics, technologies, and innovations. Although the Malaysian Highway Authority (MHA) has been introducing guidelines for green highways, the implementation in Malaysia is still far behind because of the challenges faced by the highway concessions in complementing the guideline requirement. This study comprises four objectives: (1) to investigate the green highway challenges faced by highway concessions in Malaysia; (2) to determine the green highway character-istics in the Malaysian context; (3) to identify the green highway success factors implementation in Malaysia; and finally (4) to develop a relationship model between characteristics and challenges towards the success factors impacting green highway. This study used triangulation research to obtain the primary data using unstruc-tured interviews and questionnaire surveys. The data were analysed using content analysis, descriptive analysis, Criticality Index assessment, and Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). 12 unstructured interviews and 63 usable postal questionnaires were received to establish the model. Results show that (1) legal and regulatory; technical and physical; financial and cultural are the green highway challenges; (2) planning, design, construction; operation, and maintenance stages are characteristics of implementing green highways; (3) innovation; construc-tion activities; material and resources are success factors in implementing green highway and proposes; and (4) a relationship model shows that the green highway characteristics and challenges have a significant and positive effect in implementing green highway. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.
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