| Summary: | Hydroxyapatite (HA) obtained from chicken bones presents promising prospects for utilization in bone tissue engineering, dental materials, and drug delivery. Natural HA is highly biocompatible, bioactive, and osteoconductive, making it an attractive material for bone regeneration applications. The aims of this present study are to produce HA bio- ceramic powders from chicken bones via a direct calcination method and explore the impact of varying calcination temperatures on the characteristics of HA powders. Synthesis of HA from natural resource which is chicken bones are a viable alternative to synthetic methods that utilise hazardous and pricey chemicals. A simple and cost-effective method was used, involving the calcination of chicken bones at different temperatures, such as 700°C and 800°C at heating rate of 5°C/min and holding time of 1 hour to obtain the HA powders. The characterisation of HA powders was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). TGA analysis revealed that the synthesised HA was stable up to 700?°C. The FTIR spectra displayed characteristic peaks of HA, confirming its formation. BET analysis revealed that the synthesised HA for 700°C and 800°C had a surface areas of 8.5693?m²/g and 5.0291?m²/g respectively. The FESEM images showed that the HA powder calcined at 700?°C had a uniform particle distribution and relatively less agglomerated, suggesting a larger surface area compared to the sample calcined at 800°C. XRD analysis demonstrated the presence of HA and β-TCP in the both samples, with the intensity of the β-TCP peak being significantly higher at higher calcination temperature. In summary, the characterisations of HA synthesised from chicken bones demonstrated its potential as a promising material with distinctive properties well-suited for a diverse array of biomedical applications. © 2024 Author(s).
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