Enhancing Ammoniacal Nitrogen Detection in Water Quality Applications using Complementary Split-Ring Resonators: A Comparison between Rectangular and Circular Configurations

• Published in: IEEE Symposium on Wireless Technology and Applications, ISWTA
• Main Author: Saiful Anar N.F.S.; Sapuri M.F.; Enche Ab Rahim S.A.; Khan Z.I.; Zakaria N.A.Z.; Ma’Radzi A.H.
• Format: Conference paper
• Language: English
• Published: IEEE Computer Society 2024
• Online Access: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85203813631&doi=10.1109%2fISWTA62130.2024.10651804&partnerID=40&md5=817214eaf0744263d84127c1fede9564

This study investigates the sensitivity enhancement of Complementary Split-Ring Resonators (CSRR) for detecting ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) in water quality applications. Detecting NH3-N at low concentrations is critical for water quality monitoring, necessitating the development of highly sensitive NH3-N sensors. A comparative analysis was performed on the performance of circular and rectangular single-ring CSRRs. These resonators were designed on an FR-4 substrate with a resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz, a relative permittivity of 4.4, and a dielectric constant of 4.3. The evaluation involved analyzing the S-parameters' responses for both CSRR configurations under unloaded and NH3-N loaded conditions. The measurement results indicated that the circular single-ring CSRR exhibited a higher quality factor compared to the rectangular counterpart. Moreover, the circular single-ring CSRR demonstrated superior sensitivity in detecting NH3-N. These findings lay the groundwork for the development of highly sensitive sensors, essential for safeguarding water resources and ensuring water quality across various applications, including environmental monitoring and public health. © 2024 IEEE.