| Summary: | This chapter discusses a few fundamental understandings starting with the ion exchange with resin scenario. This is to cater to nanocomposite perspectives, discussing the criteria of the solid matrices such as the capacity, swelling, and kinetics using the ion exchange resin for biodiesel production. Anion and cation of exchange-ion resin types with examples for biodiesel production and purifications are presented with preliminary overview prospects using nanocomposite in typical biodiesel principles for instance during transesterification and biochemical conversion techniques. The roles and applications of the ion exchange resin nanocomposite compared to the challenges faced by the conventional catalyst can be overcome by the regeneration of nanocatalyst nanocomposite which improves the overall cost-effectiveness. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of nanocomposite ion exchange resin are discussed to conclude its roles and applications. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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