| Summary: | This study involved the development of grafted chitosan-benzaldehyde/algae/coal fly ash (CS-BD/Alg/FA) to be a promising adsorbent for cationic dye namely brilliant green (BG) dye. The adsorption of brilliant green (BG) dye was optimized using Box–Behnken design (BBD) resulting in the determination of the optimal adsorption variables. A dosage of 0.07 g/100 mL of CS-BD/Alg/FA resulted in a 97.5% removal of BG dye when the pH was set at 10 and the duration of the adsorption process was 480 min. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm data obtained under optimal conditions suggested that the adsorption of BG by CS-BD/Alg/FA obeyed the pseudo second order (PSO) and Langmuir monolayer adsorption respectively. According to the thermodynamic fitting parameters, it was determined that the adsorption process exhibits both spontaneous and exothermic nature. Thus, the highest adsorption capacity (qmax) observed for CS-BD/Alg/FA on BG was found to be 239.3 mg/g. The strong electrostatic attractions between the negatively charged CS-BD/Alg/FA and the positively charged BG cation, together with other interactions such as n–π, π–π, and H-bonding, likely contributed to the effective adsorption of BG dye by CS-BD/Alg/FA. Hence, CS-BD/Alg/FA present itself as promising composite adsorbent with high affinity towards capturing cationic organic dyes from industrial effluent. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
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