| Summary: | One of the main issues in power systems relates to scheduling of energy resources. With the ever-increasing penetration of renewable energies with intermittent power output, this issue has turned into an even more significant problem. Renewable energy sources (RESs) have captured attention due to their low environmental emission and also low running cost. One drawback that may be brought into power systems is the surplus power generation by such generation technologies that should be carefully addressed in power system-related problems. This paper proposes the unscented transform modeling to consider the stochastic behavior of charge and discharge of EVs, random performance of photovoltaic, load demand and wind turbine systems. Due to the unpredictable nature of solar and wind power outputs, as well as plug-in electric vehicle owners' behavior when supplying or receiving power from the grid, a stochastic programming-based approach is proposed to operate microgrids in grid-connected configuration mode. The integration of vehicle to grid (V2G) has a good ability to minimize the operating cost of the MG. An integrated optimization model is presented in this study for optimal operation of the MG with high penetration of PEVs and RESs. Modified sunflower optimization algorithm (MSFO) algorithm is applied in this paper to address the optimization problem. The single-objective stochastic optimization is used for minimizing the total operating cost over the day taking into consideration the uncertainties due to the RESs’ power output intermittency, including wind speed and solar irradiance and load demand forecast error. Several case studies are taken into account to show the efficiency of the optimal operation with PEVs. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
|
|---|