| Summary: | Amidst the nation's ongoing economic expansion, energy consumption has surged, particularly during peak hours, exerting strain on the national power grid. Managing this peak-hour load efficiently is crucial as it affects energy supply reliability, economic stability, and environmental concerns. To address these challenges, the Demand Side Management (DSM) technique has been introduced to reshape demand profiles through strategic measures. This study focuses on optimizing energy consumption within the commercial sector and reducing electricity costs. Two Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) campuses equipped with solar photovoltaic rooftop installations are chosen as case studies. An enhanced Evolutionary-Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) algorithm is employed for optimization, considering the Off-Peak Tariff Rider (OPTR) and the newly introduced Enhanced Time of Use (ETOU) tariff structures. The consistent findings reveal that when combined with a 40% load shift weighting factor, the ETOU tariff outperforms the C1-OPTR tariff, resulting in significant cost savings of 10.050% and 9.129% on weekdays and 5.260% and 0% on weekends for UiTM Jengka, Pahang, and UiTM Segamat, Johor, respectively. In summary, the ETOU tariff's superior cost management and potential for substantial savings make it the preferred choice for optimizing energy expenses in commercial buildings with solar PV installations. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
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