LCMS Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-Proliferative and Antimicrobial Activities of Combined Papaya, Honeydew and Mango Fruit Peel Extract

Fruit peels have traditionally been viewed as waste by restaurants, markets and the food and beverage industry, leading to their routine disposal. However, there has been a recent recognition of the valuable phytochemicals present in fruit peels which has increased interest in exploring their biolog...

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Published in:Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Main Author: Ramli S.; Malik M.N.S.A.; James R.J.; Halim H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: World Researchers Associations 2024
Online Access:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85196860905&doi=10.25303%2f287rjce0107&partnerID=40&md5=9e03090925ff2fa85a2e4d29dd47258f
id 2-s2.0-85196860905
spelling 2-s2.0-85196860905
Ramli S.; Malik M.N.S.A.; James R.J.; Halim H.
LCMS Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-Proliferative and Antimicrobial Activities of Combined Papaya, Honeydew and Mango Fruit Peel Extract
2024
Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
28
7
10.25303/287rjce0107
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85196860905&doi=10.25303%2f287rjce0107&partnerID=40&md5=9e03090925ff2fa85a2e4d29dd47258f
Fruit peels have traditionally been viewed as waste by restaurants, markets and the food and beverage industry, leading to their routine disposal. However, there has been a recent recognition of the valuable phytochemicals present in fruit peels which has increased interest in exploring their biological activity. In this study, a fruit peel extract was produced by macerating a combination of dried mango, papaya and honeydew peels with 95% ethanol at 50°C. The study aimed to identify the flavonoids in the fruit peel extract and to evaluate its pharmacological activities. The flavonoids were identified using the LC/MS-QTOF system and its antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assays. The anti-proliferative and antibacterial activity of the extract were investigated using the MTT assay and disc diffusion method. The phytochemical analysis tentatively identified six flavonoid compounds in the ethanolic crude extract based on the database screening. The results showed that the peel extract was more effective at scavenging DPPH than NO. Additionally, the extract was found to be rich in phenolic compounds, containing 416 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry weight. Although the hexane fraction showed the lowest activity, the ethyl acetate fraction showed better antimicrobial activity towards all tested bacteria compared to the crude extract. Despite the high concentration of phenolic compounds, no significant anti-proliferative activity was observed in the extract. The study recommends exploring the possibility of using selected fruit peel extracts as natural resources of preservative and antioxidant agents in the future. © 2024 World Researchers Associations. All rights reserved.
World Researchers Associations
9720626
English
Article

author Ramli S.; Malik M.N.S.A.; James R.J.; Halim H.
spellingShingle Ramli S.; Malik M.N.S.A.; James R.J.; Halim H.
LCMS Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-Proliferative and Antimicrobial Activities of Combined Papaya, Honeydew and Mango Fruit Peel Extract
author_facet Ramli S.; Malik M.N.S.A.; James R.J.; Halim H.
author_sort Ramli S.; Malik M.N.S.A.; James R.J.; Halim H.
title LCMS Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-Proliferative and Antimicrobial Activities of Combined Papaya, Honeydew and Mango Fruit Peel Extract
title_short LCMS Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-Proliferative and Antimicrobial Activities of Combined Papaya, Honeydew and Mango Fruit Peel Extract
title_full LCMS Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-Proliferative and Antimicrobial Activities of Combined Papaya, Honeydew and Mango Fruit Peel Extract
title_fullStr LCMS Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-Proliferative and Antimicrobial Activities of Combined Papaya, Honeydew and Mango Fruit Peel Extract
title_full_unstemmed LCMS Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-Proliferative and Antimicrobial Activities of Combined Papaya, Honeydew and Mango Fruit Peel Extract
title_sort LCMS Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-Proliferative and Antimicrobial Activities of Combined Papaya, Honeydew and Mango Fruit Peel Extract
publishDate 2024
container_title Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
container_volume 28
container_issue 7
doi_str_mv 10.25303/287rjce0107
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85196860905&doi=10.25303%2f287rjce0107&partnerID=40&md5=9e03090925ff2fa85a2e4d29dd47258f
description Fruit peels have traditionally been viewed as waste by restaurants, markets and the food and beverage industry, leading to their routine disposal. However, there has been a recent recognition of the valuable phytochemicals present in fruit peels which has increased interest in exploring their biological activity. In this study, a fruit peel extract was produced by macerating a combination of dried mango, papaya and honeydew peels with 95% ethanol at 50°C. The study aimed to identify the flavonoids in the fruit peel extract and to evaluate its pharmacological activities. The flavonoids were identified using the LC/MS-QTOF system and its antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assays. The anti-proliferative and antibacterial activity of the extract were investigated using the MTT assay and disc diffusion method. The phytochemical analysis tentatively identified six flavonoid compounds in the ethanolic crude extract based on the database screening. The results showed that the peel extract was more effective at scavenging DPPH than NO. Additionally, the extract was found to be rich in phenolic compounds, containing 416 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry weight. Although the hexane fraction showed the lowest activity, the ethyl acetate fraction showed better antimicrobial activity towards all tested bacteria compared to the crude extract. Despite the high concentration of phenolic compounds, no significant anti-proliferative activity was observed in the extract. The study recommends exploring the possibility of using selected fruit peel extracts as natural resources of preservative and antioxidant agents in the future. © 2024 World Researchers Associations. All rights reserved.
publisher World Researchers Associations
issn 9720626
language English
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