Effect of NaClO4 Dopant on Chemical Bond and Electrochemical Characteristic of Benzoyl Kappa-Carrageenan Gel Biopolymer Electrolyte

• Published in: Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics
• Main Author: Manap N.R.A.; Shrgawi N.; Shamsudin I.J.; Hanibah H.; Kasim N.; Noor S.A.M.; Pongali P.; Abdullah N.; Rosli N.H.A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: John Wiley and Sons Inc 2024
• Online Access: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85195165725&doi=10.1002%2fmacp.202400062&partnerID=40&md5=73fe299efc35d46c69c5ab0f4bca1ef9

Gel biopolymer electrolytes based on benzoyl kappa-carrageenan (Bz-κcar) as polymer host and sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) as dopants are successfully produced. The concentration of NaClO4 is varied from 0.5 to 3.0 wt% to investigate its effects on the chemical bonds and electrochemical characteristic of electrolytes. Characterizations are performed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electrochemical impedance analysis (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry, and transference number measurement. Significant changes in the FTIR spectra are detected, which indicate chemical interactions between Bz-ƙcar and NaClO4. The ionic conductivity (σ) of the gel electrolytes increases with higher concentrations of NaClO4, suggesting that NaClO4 is an effective charge carrier in the system. The highest σ of the gel electrolyte attained at ambient temperature is 1.29 × 10−3 S cm−1. The temperature dependence of conductivity is Arrhenian in the studied temperature range and achieves an elevated σ of 7.90 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 373 K with small values in the activation energy (Ea) observed in all the prepared electrolytes. Electrochemical stability of 1.50 V achieves the highest conducting electrolyte by means of linear sweep voltammetry. Transference number measurement confirms that ions predominate the conduction of electrolyte with 0.85 ion transference number. © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.