Synthesis and Characterization of Xerogel Derived from Palm Kernel Shell Biochar and Comparison with Commercial Activated Carbon

Biomass is an inexpensive adsorbent that has attracted considerable interest. The sol-gel process produced xerogel from palm kernel shell biochar (PKSB). This study aimed to synthesize and characterize palm kernel shell biochar xerogel (PKSBX) and compare it with commercial (AC). The synthesized xer...

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Published in:Journal of Ecological Engineering
Main Author: Mahdi H.H.; Saleh A.M.; Alias A.B.; Jawad A.H.; Salman S.D.; Qarizada D.; Mostafa M.M.; Saleh N.M.; Abdulqader M.A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Polskie Towarzystwo Inzynierii Ekologicznej (PTIE) 2024
Online Access:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85193416281&doi=10.12911%2f22998993%2f183719&partnerID=40&md5=83d49327cad16b14625f895905aa9481
id 2-s2.0-85193416281
spelling 2-s2.0-85193416281
Mahdi H.H.; Saleh A.M.; Alias A.B.; Jawad A.H.; Salman S.D.; Qarizada D.; Mostafa M.M.; Saleh N.M.; Abdulqader M.A.
Synthesis and Characterization of Xerogel Derived from Palm Kernel Shell Biochar and Comparison with Commercial Activated Carbon
2024
Journal of Ecological Engineering
25
6
10.12911/22998993/183719
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85193416281&doi=10.12911%2f22998993%2f183719&partnerID=40&md5=83d49327cad16b14625f895905aa9481
Biomass is an inexpensive adsorbent that has attracted considerable interest. The sol-gel process produced xerogel from palm kernel shell biochar (PKSB). This study aimed to synthesize and characterize palm kernel shell biochar xerogel (PKSBX) and compare it with commercial (AC). The synthesized xerogel, raw material, and AC were characterized using different characterization, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The FTIR spectrum analysis showed a wide range of bonds and confirmed the presence of C = C alkenes, amines N-H, and aromatic C-H functional groups. TGA analysis of samples was conducted at 10 ℃/min. The thermal degradation of the sample undergoes several setups of loss mass. The degrades occurred between 50200 ℃ first setups, second between 200–700 ℃, and third setups between 950–1000 ℃. The surface morphological structure of each sample has been defined and compared using SEM data, which is further confirmed by XRD data. On the basis of on the characterization findings, it can be determined that the xerogel obtained from the synthesis process using PKSB as the raw material exhibits favorable characteristics for its potential usage as an adsorbent. © (2023) All Rights Reserved.
Polskie Towarzystwo Inzynierii Ekologicznej (PTIE)
22998993
English
Article
All Open Access; Gold Open Access
author Mahdi H.H.; Saleh A.M.; Alias A.B.; Jawad A.H.; Salman S.D.; Qarizada D.; Mostafa M.M.; Saleh N.M.; Abdulqader M.A.
spellingShingle Mahdi H.H.; Saleh A.M.; Alias A.B.; Jawad A.H.; Salman S.D.; Qarizada D.; Mostafa M.M.; Saleh N.M.; Abdulqader M.A.
Synthesis and Characterization of Xerogel Derived from Palm Kernel Shell Biochar and Comparison with Commercial Activated Carbon
author_facet Mahdi H.H.; Saleh A.M.; Alias A.B.; Jawad A.H.; Salman S.D.; Qarizada D.; Mostafa M.M.; Saleh N.M.; Abdulqader M.A.
author_sort Mahdi H.H.; Saleh A.M.; Alias A.B.; Jawad A.H.; Salman S.D.; Qarizada D.; Mostafa M.M.; Saleh N.M.; Abdulqader M.A.
title Synthesis and Characterization of Xerogel Derived from Palm Kernel Shell Biochar and Comparison with Commercial Activated Carbon
title_short Synthesis and Characterization of Xerogel Derived from Palm Kernel Shell Biochar and Comparison with Commercial Activated Carbon
title_full Synthesis and Characterization of Xerogel Derived from Palm Kernel Shell Biochar and Comparison with Commercial Activated Carbon
title_fullStr Synthesis and Characterization of Xerogel Derived from Palm Kernel Shell Biochar and Comparison with Commercial Activated Carbon
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis and Characterization of Xerogel Derived from Palm Kernel Shell Biochar and Comparison with Commercial Activated Carbon
title_sort Synthesis and Characterization of Xerogel Derived from Palm Kernel Shell Biochar and Comparison with Commercial Activated Carbon
publishDate 2024
container_title Journal of Ecological Engineering
container_volume 25
container_issue 6
doi_str_mv 10.12911/22998993/183719
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85193416281&doi=10.12911%2f22998993%2f183719&partnerID=40&md5=83d49327cad16b14625f895905aa9481
description Biomass is an inexpensive adsorbent that has attracted considerable interest. The sol-gel process produced xerogel from palm kernel shell biochar (PKSB). This study aimed to synthesize and characterize palm kernel shell biochar xerogel (PKSBX) and compare it with commercial (AC). The synthesized xerogel, raw material, and AC were characterized using different characterization, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The FTIR spectrum analysis showed a wide range of bonds and confirmed the presence of C = C alkenes, amines N-H, and aromatic C-H functional groups. TGA analysis of samples was conducted at 10 ℃/min. The thermal degradation of the sample undergoes several setups of loss mass. The degrades occurred between 50200 ℃ first setups, second between 200–700 ℃, and third setups between 950–1000 ℃. The surface morphological structure of each sample has been defined and compared using SEM data, which is further confirmed by XRD data. On the basis of on the characterization findings, it can be determined that the xerogel obtained from the synthesis process using PKSB as the raw material exhibits favorable characteristics for its potential usage as an adsorbent. © (2023) All Rights Reserved.
publisher Polskie Towarzystwo Inzynierii Ekologicznej (PTIE)
issn 22998993
language English
format Article
accesstype All Open Access; Gold Open Access
record_format scopus
collection Scopus
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