| Summary: | Tree vandalism is an unpredictable activity that generally results from a variety of human behaviours or practises, which including planned, spontaneous, or unintentional events that result in tree damage and failure. These failures can be a significant liability that threatens the environment and quality of life. For urban forest managers, liability is a major concern which is strategies in the urban forest monitoring programmes. Unfortunately, the core elements in any urban forest moni-toring programmes which can present the subject of tree vandalism incidence are lacking. This chapter focuses on studies related to tree vandalism factors and their significant criteria for urban forest monitoring. The objectives are to understand tree vandalism and its related issues, assessing tree vandalism incidence, and determining tree vandalism criteria for urban forest monitoring. This chapter presented the tree vandalism data from the selected Malaysian local authoritiesü tree inventory and the expertsü consensus related to the tree vandalism subjects. The findings discuss tree vandalism criterion towards improving the urban forest monitoring programme. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
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