| Summary: | Leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus have been reported to have various bioactive compounds with pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. Extraction of the bioactive compounds can be done via methods such as maceration and Soxhlet extraction. The main issue is the effect of the extraction methods on the quality and quantity of the final product. This present work aimed to optimize the two processes by investigating the effects of varying parameters such as extraction time, solvent type and concentration, feed solvent ratio, and moisture content on the extraction of O. stamineus leaves. The resulting extracts were analyzed and characterized using GC-MS and UV-VIS. Soxhlet extraction yielded an overall higher yield as compared to maceration. O. stamineus extraction with higher yield at ethanol solvent (12.38%), extraction time (6 h=23.39%), concentration (25%=26.41%) and solvent feed ratio (1:40=10.8%) compared to maceration. The study showed that Soxhlet extraction was also the best method in terms of shorter extraction time and lesser organic solvent usage. The experimental finding of O. stamineus leaves extraction fitted the second-order extraction model and the highest yield (9.58%) was achieved at moisture content below 10% at Soxhlet extraction. However, leaves extract achieved from the cold maceration method revealed significantly better bio-active compounds presence than the extract obtained from Soxhlet extraction © 2024 AIP Publishing LLC.
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