Content and face validity of Workplace COVID-19 Knowledge & Stigma Scale (WoCKSS)

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to fear, rumours, and stigma, particularly against those infected with the virus. In Malaysia, the manufacturing industry is particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 clusters, making it critical to assess stigma attitudes among workers. To address this issue, The...

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Published in:BMC Public Health
Main Author: Baharuddin I.H.; Ismail N.; Naing N.N.; Ibrahim K.; Yasin S.M.; Patterson M.S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BioMed Central Ltd 2024
Online Access:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85188303757&doi=10.1186%2fs12889-023-17614-3&partnerID=40&md5=794b03cc18f39c04d5dfa6b83d2b8e07
id 2-s2.0-85188303757
spelling 2-s2.0-85188303757
Baharuddin I.H.; Ismail N.; Naing N.N.; Ibrahim K.; Yasin S.M.; Patterson M.S.
Content and face validity of Workplace COVID-19 Knowledge & Stigma Scale (WoCKSS)
2024
BMC Public Health
24
1
10.1186/s12889-023-17614-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85188303757&doi=10.1186%2fs12889-023-17614-3&partnerID=40&md5=794b03cc18f39c04d5dfa6b83d2b8e07
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to fear, rumours, and stigma, particularly against those infected with the virus. In Malaysia, the manufacturing industry is particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 clusters, making it critical to assess stigma attitudes among workers. To address this issue, The Workplace COVID-19 Knowledge & Stigma Scale (WoCKSS) was developed specifically for use in the manufacturing industry which served as the sample population for testing this scale. It was developed in the Malay language to ensure alignment with the local context. This study examines the content and face validity of WoCKSS, which can help assess the level of knowledge and stigma associated with COVID-19 among workers. Methods: The WoCKSS was developed with 20 and 31 items for knowledge and stigma domains, respectively, based on an extensive review of COVID-19 literature. Content validation was conducted by four experts using a content validation form to assess the relevancy of each item to the intended construct. Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated to measure the agreement between the experts on the relevance of each item to the intended construct. Face validation was then conducted by randomly selecting 10 respondents from the manufacturing industry, who rated the clarity and comprehension of each item using a face validation form. The Item Face Validity Index (I-FVI) was calculated to determine the clarity and comprehension of each question, and only items with an I-FVI ≥ 0.83 were retained. Results: The WoCKSS achieved excellent content validity in both knowledge and stigma domains. Only 19 items from the knowledge domain and 24 items from the stigma domain were retained after CVI analysis. All retained items received a CVI score of 1.00, indicating perfect agreement among the experts. FVI analysis resulted in 17 items for the knowledge domain and 22 items for the stigma domain. The knowledge domain achieved a high level of agreement among respondents, with a mean I-FVI of 0.91 and a S-FVI/UA of 0.89. The stigma domain also showed high agreement, with a mean I-FVI of 0.99 and a S-FVI/UA of 0.86. Conclusion: In conclusion, the WoCKSS demonstrated high content and face validity. However, further testing on a larger sample size is required to establish its construct validity and reliability. © The Author(s) 2024.
BioMed Central Ltd
14712458
English
Article
All Open Access; Gold Open Access
author Baharuddin I.H.; Ismail N.; Naing N.N.; Ibrahim K.; Yasin S.M.; Patterson M.S.
spellingShingle Baharuddin I.H.; Ismail N.; Naing N.N.; Ibrahim K.; Yasin S.M.; Patterson M.S.
Content and face validity of Workplace COVID-19 Knowledge & Stigma Scale (WoCKSS)
author_facet Baharuddin I.H.; Ismail N.; Naing N.N.; Ibrahim K.; Yasin S.M.; Patterson M.S.
author_sort Baharuddin I.H.; Ismail N.; Naing N.N.; Ibrahim K.; Yasin S.M.; Patterson M.S.
title Content and face validity of Workplace COVID-19 Knowledge & Stigma Scale (WoCKSS)
title_short Content and face validity of Workplace COVID-19 Knowledge & Stigma Scale (WoCKSS)
title_full Content and face validity of Workplace COVID-19 Knowledge & Stigma Scale (WoCKSS)
title_fullStr Content and face validity of Workplace COVID-19 Knowledge & Stigma Scale (WoCKSS)
title_full_unstemmed Content and face validity of Workplace COVID-19 Knowledge & Stigma Scale (WoCKSS)
title_sort Content and face validity of Workplace COVID-19 Knowledge & Stigma Scale (WoCKSS)
publishDate 2024
container_title BMC Public Health
container_volume 24
container_issue 1
doi_str_mv 10.1186/s12889-023-17614-3
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85188303757&doi=10.1186%2fs12889-023-17614-3&partnerID=40&md5=794b03cc18f39c04d5dfa6b83d2b8e07
description Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to fear, rumours, and stigma, particularly against those infected with the virus. In Malaysia, the manufacturing industry is particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 clusters, making it critical to assess stigma attitudes among workers. To address this issue, The Workplace COVID-19 Knowledge & Stigma Scale (WoCKSS) was developed specifically for use in the manufacturing industry which served as the sample population for testing this scale. It was developed in the Malay language to ensure alignment with the local context. This study examines the content and face validity of WoCKSS, which can help assess the level of knowledge and stigma associated with COVID-19 among workers. Methods: The WoCKSS was developed with 20 and 31 items for knowledge and stigma domains, respectively, based on an extensive review of COVID-19 literature. Content validation was conducted by four experts using a content validation form to assess the relevancy of each item to the intended construct. Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated to measure the agreement between the experts on the relevance of each item to the intended construct. Face validation was then conducted by randomly selecting 10 respondents from the manufacturing industry, who rated the clarity and comprehension of each item using a face validation form. The Item Face Validity Index (I-FVI) was calculated to determine the clarity and comprehension of each question, and only items with an I-FVI ≥ 0.83 were retained. Results: The WoCKSS achieved excellent content validity in both knowledge and stigma domains. Only 19 items from the knowledge domain and 24 items from the stigma domain were retained after CVI analysis. All retained items received a CVI score of 1.00, indicating perfect agreement among the experts. FVI analysis resulted in 17 items for the knowledge domain and 22 items for the stigma domain. The knowledge domain achieved a high level of agreement among respondents, with a mean I-FVI of 0.91 and a S-FVI/UA of 0.89. The stigma domain also showed high agreement, with a mean I-FVI of 0.99 and a S-FVI/UA of 0.86. Conclusion: In conclusion, the WoCKSS demonstrated high content and face validity. However, further testing on a larger sample size is required to establish its construct validity and reliability. © The Author(s) 2024.
publisher BioMed Central Ltd
issn 14712458
language English
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accesstype All Open Access; Gold Open Access
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