| Summary: | The signal power in wireless communication systems is influenced by its surroundings; primarily, it will be affected by the path difference, operating frequency, and environmental effects. This makes it extremely challenging to plan any communication system that will provide better signal strength. Therefore, large-scale path loss models are considered to estimate the path loss at various frequencies, distances, and in various environments. In this paper, we considered UMi, UMa, and RMa environments to estimate the LOS and NLOS path loss for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz. In the millimeter wave frequency range, a comparison is made between the path loss observed and the path loss models created by different standard organizations. The simulation results demonstrate that the 5GCM model is an optimized path loss model in the urban micro-environment, similarly 3GPP model is an optimized path loss model in UMa and RMa environments. These optimized models produce enhanced path loss compared to the other path loss models. These optimized models could be used by the service providers to enhance the quality of service in 5G wireless networks. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
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