Potential of Fenugreek and Cowpea Seeds as Natural Coagulants for Wastewater Effluent Treatment

Water is vital to all living organisms. However, rapid urbanization has deteriorated the water ecosystem. Therefore, emerging treatments must be implemented to enhance water quality before consumption. Thus, it is important to improve the quality of effluent in wastewater treatment plants before bei...

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Published in:Malaysian Journal of Chemistry
Main Author: Nasir S.N.F.S.; Kasmuri N.; Zaini N.; Hamid K.A.; Mojiri A.; Ismail N.A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Malaysian Institute of Chemistry 2024
Online Access:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85187019527&doi=10.55373%2fmjchem.v26i1.154&partnerID=40&md5=2d3adf177f358065f8620ef7c2af765a
id 2-s2.0-85187019527
spelling 2-s2.0-85187019527
Nasir S.N.F.S.; Kasmuri N.; Zaini N.; Hamid K.A.; Mojiri A.; Ismail N.A.
Potential of Fenugreek and Cowpea Seeds as Natural Coagulants for Wastewater Effluent Treatment
2024
Malaysian Journal of Chemistry
26
1
10.55373/mjchem.v26i1.154
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85187019527&doi=10.55373%2fmjchem.v26i1.154&partnerID=40&md5=2d3adf177f358065f8620ef7c2af765a
Water is vital to all living organisms. However, rapid urbanization has deteriorated the water ecosystem. Therefore, emerging treatments must be implemented to enhance water quality before consumption. Thus, it is important to improve the quality of effluent in wastewater treatment plants before being discharged into the water bodies. This study comprised the potential of fenugreek and cowpea seeds as natural coagulants in the tertiary treatment to reduce the effluent pollutants. A jar test experiment was conducted with variables ratio of green substances (fenugreek and cowpea seeds) in the effluent medium. The characteristics of the effluent before and after treatment were analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, and turbidity. The optimum concentration and pH for each bio-coagulant were evaluated. From the experimental results for the highest turbidity removal, 7.11 Nephelometric Turbidity unit (NTU) was determined for cowpea seeds of 0.2 mg/L concentration. Meanwhile, the optimum concentration for fenugreek was 0.6 mg/L, with turbidity removal rates of 7.93 NTU. Therefore, from the observation, the lowest turbidity removal was 20%, and the maximum was 41%. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy indicated that the chemical structure of each polymer had changed (before and after treatment), which involved the production of C=O, O-H in fenugreek, cowpea seeds, with both coagulants and using aluminium sulfate, respectively. Moreover, isotherm analysis for the adsorption capacity of bio-coagulants has been determined. From the output evaluation, this natural coagulant can be an effective agent in the water treatment process. It can be compared with the efficiency values achieved using these green substances in contrast to the treatment of chemicals coagulant. © 2024 Malaysian Institute of Chemistry. All rights reserved.
Malaysian Institute of Chemistry
15112292
English
Article

author Nasir S.N.F.S.; Kasmuri N.; Zaini N.; Hamid K.A.; Mojiri A.; Ismail N.A.
spellingShingle Nasir S.N.F.S.; Kasmuri N.; Zaini N.; Hamid K.A.; Mojiri A.; Ismail N.A.
Potential of Fenugreek and Cowpea Seeds as Natural Coagulants for Wastewater Effluent Treatment
author_facet Nasir S.N.F.S.; Kasmuri N.; Zaini N.; Hamid K.A.; Mojiri A.; Ismail N.A.
author_sort Nasir S.N.F.S.; Kasmuri N.; Zaini N.; Hamid K.A.; Mojiri A.; Ismail N.A.
title Potential of Fenugreek and Cowpea Seeds as Natural Coagulants for Wastewater Effluent Treatment
title_short Potential of Fenugreek and Cowpea Seeds as Natural Coagulants for Wastewater Effluent Treatment
title_full Potential of Fenugreek and Cowpea Seeds as Natural Coagulants for Wastewater Effluent Treatment
title_fullStr Potential of Fenugreek and Cowpea Seeds as Natural Coagulants for Wastewater Effluent Treatment
title_full_unstemmed Potential of Fenugreek and Cowpea Seeds as Natural Coagulants for Wastewater Effluent Treatment
title_sort Potential of Fenugreek and Cowpea Seeds as Natural Coagulants for Wastewater Effluent Treatment
publishDate 2024
container_title Malaysian Journal of Chemistry
container_volume 26
container_issue 1
doi_str_mv 10.55373/mjchem.v26i1.154
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85187019527&doi=10.55373%2fmjchem.v26i1.154&partnerID=40&md5=2d3adf177f358065f8620ef7c2af765a
description Water is vital to all living organisms. However, rapid urbanization has deteriorated the water ecosystem. Therefore, emerging treatments must be implemented to enhance water quality before consumption. Thus, it is important to improve the quality of effluent in wastewater treatment plants before being discharged into the water bodies. This study comprised the potential of fenugreek and cowpea seeds as natural coagulants in the tertiary treatment to reduce the effluent pollutants. A jar test experiment was conducted with variables ratio of green substances (fenugreek and cowpea seeds) in the effluent medium. The characteristics of the effluent before and after treatment were analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, and turbidity. The optimum concentration and pH for each bio-coagulant were evaluated. From the experimental results for the highest turbidity removal, 7.11 Nephelometric Turbidity unit (NTU) was determined for cowpea seeds of 0.2 mg/L concentration. Meanwhile, the optimum concentration for fenugreek was 0.6 mg/L, with turbidity removal rates of 7.93 NTU. Therefore, from the observation, the lowest turbidity removal was 20%, and the maximum was 41%. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy indicated that the chemical structure of each polymer had changed (before and after treatment), which involved the production of C=O, O-H in fenugreek, cowpea seeds, with both coagulants and using aluminium sulfate, respectively. Moreover, isotherm analysis for the adsorption capacity of bio-coagulants has been determined. From the output evaluation, this natural coagulant can be an effective agent in the water treatment process. It can be compared with the efficiency values achieved using these green substances in contrast to the treatment of chemicals coagulant. © 2024 Malaysian Institute of Chemistry. All rights reserved.
publisher Malaysian Institute of Chemistry
issn 15112292
language English
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