Positive Pressure and Negative Pressure Irrigation Dynamics with Different Needle Designs Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

This study aimed to investigate the irrigation dynamics of the positive pressure side-vented (SV) needle, EndoVac (micropores) needle and modified apical negative pressure (mANP) open-ended needle using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A simulation of a prepared root canal (conical frustum) of 15...

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Published in:Archives of Orofacial Sciences
Main Author: Wan N.F.; Ramlan N.A.; Mahmood N.Z.N.; Hamid A.H.A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia 2023
Online Access:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85185166693&doi=10.21315%2fAOS2023.1802.OA01&partnerID=40&md5=612f60a278a019c4495f1a233534e27b
id 2-s2.0-85185166693
spelling 2-s2.0-85185166693
Wan N.F.; Ramlan N.A.; Mahmood N.Z.N.; Hamid A.H.A.
Positive Pressure and Negative Pressure Irrigation Dynamics with Different Needle Designs Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
2023
Archives of Orofacial Sciences
18
2
10.21315/AOS2023.1802.OA01
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85185166693&doi=10.21315%2fAOS2023.1802.OA01&partnerID=40&md5=612f60a278a019c4495f1a233534e27b
This study aimed to investigate the irrigation dynamics of the positive pressure side-vented (SV) needle, EndoVac (micropores) needle and modified apical negative pressure (mANP) open-ended needle using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A simulation of a prepared root canal (conical frustum) of 15 mm length with an apical diameter of 0.40 mm following Protaper F4 apical preparation was created using three-dimensional (3D) CAD software. The 3D simulated needle of SV 30G needle, EndoVac with micropores needle and mANP, 30G flat open-ended needle were also created. The irrigation dynamics were evaluated through transient CFD simulations. In addition, the irrigation dynamics of mANP at 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, and 1.0 mm short from the working length were also assessed. The EndoVac and mANP showed negative apical static pressure and streamline patterns able to reach the apical region, thus indicating negligible extrusion. Meanwhile, SV showed positive apical static pressure and almost nonexistent streamlines beyond the needle tip. The SV showed the highest wall shear stress (WSS) magnitude of 1030Pa whereas Endovac (161 Pa) and mANP1 (258 Pa). However, SV revealed lower average WSS (10 Pa) compared to mANP1 (13 Pa) and mANP2 (11 Pa). This is due to SV developed a localised maximum WSS opposite the open vent area only therefore, uneven distribution of WSS. The EndoVac system developed a localised maximum WSS in the pair of micropores furthest away from the apical. CFD analysis of the EndoVac, mANP and SV showed different technique approach, needle design and needle depths insertion affect the irrigation dynamics pattern and magnitude. © Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia. 2023
Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia
18238602
English
Article
All Open Access; Bronze Open Access
author Wan N.F.; Ramlan N.A.; Mahmood N.Z.N.; Hamid A.H.A.
spellingShingle Wan N.F.; Ramlan N.A.; Mahmood N.Z.N.; Hamid A.H.A.
Positive Pressure and Negative Pressure Irrigation Dynamics with Different Needle Designs Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
author_facet Wan N.F.; Ramlan N.A.; Mahmood N.Z.N.; Hamid A.H.A.
author_sort Wan N.F.; Ramlan N.A.; Mahmood N.Z.N.; Hamid A.H.A.
title Positive Pressure and Negative Pressure Irrigation Dynamics with Different Needle Designs Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
title_short Positive Pressure and Negative Pressure Irrigation Dynamics with Different Needle Designs Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
title_full Positive Pressure and Negative Pressure Irrigation Dynamics with Different Needle Designs Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
title_fullStr Positive Pressure and Negative Pressure Irrigation Dynamics with Different Needle Designs Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
title_full_unstemmed Positive Pressure and Negative Pressure Irrigation Dynamics with Different Needle Designs Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
title_sort Positive Pressure and Negative Pressure Irrigation Dynamics with Different Needle Designs Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
publishDate 2023
container_title Archives of Orofacial Sciences
container_volume 18
container_issue 2
doi_str_mv 10.21315/AOS2023.1802.OA01
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85185166693&doi=10.21315%2fAOS2023.1802.OA01&partnerID=40&md5=612f60a278a019c4495f1a233534e27b
description This study aimed to investigate the irrigation dynamics of the positive pressure side-vented (SV) needle, EndoVac (micropores) needle and modified apical negative pressure (mANP) open-ended needle using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A simulation of a prepared root canal (conical frustum) of 15 mm length with an apical diameter of 0.40 mm following Protaper F4 apical preparation was created using three-dimensional (3D) CAD software. The 3D simulated needle of SV 30G needle, EndoVac with micropores needle and mANP, 30G flat open-ended needle were also created. The irrigation dynamics were evaluated through transient CFD simulations. In addition, the irrigation dynamics of mANP at 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, and 1.0 mm short from the working length were also assessed. The EndoVac and mANP showed negative apical static pressure and streamline patterns able to reach the apical region, thus indicating negligible extrusion. Meanwhile, SV showed positive apical static pressure and almost nonexistent streamlines beyond the needle tip. The SV showed the highest wall shear stress (WSS) magnitude of 1030Pa whereas Endovac (161 Pa) and mANP1 (258 Pa). However, SV revealed lower average WSS (10 Pa) compared to mANP1 (13 Pa) and mANP2 (11 Pa). This is due to SV developed a localised maximum WSS opposite the open vent area only therefore, uneven distribution of WSS. The EndoVac system developed a localised maximum WSS in the pair of micropores furthest away from the apical. CFD analysis of the EndoVac, mANP and SV showed different technique approach, needle design and needle depths insertion affect the irrigation dynamics pattern and magnitude. © Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia. 2023
publisher Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia
issn 18238602
language English
format Article
accesstype All Open Access; Bronze Open Access
record_format scopus
collection Scopus
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