| Summary: | Heavy metals and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) have disruptive effects on an intact organism or its progeny. Due to the widespread presence of heavy metals and EDC in waterways, it is important to determine how effectively these compounds are removed from the environment. Their concentration has attained dangerous levels because of numerous anthropogenic activities such industrial operations, particularly mining, agricultural processes, and the disposal of industrial waste materials. Heavy metals and EDC have been removed using a variety of effective approaches, including chemical oxidation, biodegradation, liquid extraction, membrane techniques, chemical precipitation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, coagulation, flocculation, etc. These methods have several drawbacks, including a high reagent requirement, unpredictable metal ion removal, the generation of toxic sludge, etc. Adsorption is a method that shows promise because of its simple design, low cost, and high efficiency. Its ability to remove hazardous and micropollutants from wastewater is what makes it the method of choice. The use of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) as adsorbents in the treatment of water has been established by research. A wide range of water pollutants, including but not limited to organic molecules and inorganic heavy metals, are reported to be effectively remedied by GNPs. The high surface areas and modifiable functional groups of GNPs can be used to remove various contaminants in water and wastewater treatment processes. More significantly, because GNPs are mainly made up of carbon, this characteristic makes it easier to use these carbon-based materials for adsorbing pollutants in water and wastewater treatment systems. In the present review, the mechanisms of adsorption are demonstrated by investigating the kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics of adsorption. Besides that, pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial analyte concentration were investigated. © 2023, Malaysian Society of Analytical Sciences. All rights reserved.
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