Frequency-Dependency Characteristic of a 4x4 Butler Matrix for 5G sub-6 GHz application

Frequency-Dependency Characteristic of a 4x4 Butler Matrix for 5G sub-6 GHz application

Butler matrix (BM) is a widely used beamforming technique in array signal processing that enables efficient and precise signal distribution to multiple antenna elements. However, the frequency-dependent nature of their design restricts the effectiveness of the conventional Butler matrix to a specifi...

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Published in:2023 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, ISAP 2023
Main Author: Mohd Redzwan F.N.; Abd Rahman N.H.; Yamada Y.; Subahir S.; Idrus I.I.
Format: Conference paper
Language:English
Published: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2023
Online Access:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184798182&doi=10.1109%2fISAP57493.2023.10388995&partnerID=40&md5=84d168bf405927471b9d077edc9a2d1a
id 2-s2.0-85184798182
spelling 2-s2.0-85184798182
Mohd Redzwan F.N.; Abd Rahman N.H.; Yamada Y.; Subahir S.; Idrus I.I.
Frequency-Dependency Characteristic of a 4x4 Butler Matrix for 5G sub-6 GHz application
2023
2023 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, ISAP 2023


10.1109/ISAP57493.2023.10388995
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184798182&doi=10.1109%2fISAP57493.2023.10388995&partnerID=40&md5=84d168bf405927471b9d077edc9a2d1a
Butler matrix (BM) is a widely used beamforming technique in array signal processing that enables efficient and precise signal distribution to multiple antenna elements. However, the frequency-dependent nature of their design restricts the effectiveness of the conventional Butler matrix to a specific frequency band only, thus leading to the narrow band operation. This paper presents the analysis of the frequency-dependency behaviour through a 4-by-4 BM based on its first-stage operation. Through this analysis, a mathematical correlation was developed between the BM parameters, specifically the electrical length and phase components, by utilizing the phase-to-frequency gradient. This correlation serves as a foundation for subsequent design stages. The 4x4 BM is developed for a sub-6 GHz 5G operation at 3.5 GHz. © 2023 IEEE.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

English
Conference paper
author Mohd Redzwan F.N.; Abd Rahman N.H.; Yamada Y.; Subahir S.; Idrus I.I.
spellingShingle Mohd Redzwan F.N.; Abd Rahman N.H.; Yamada Y.; Subahir S.; Idrus I.I.
Frequency-Dependency Characteristic of a 4x4 Butler Matrix for 5G sub-6 GHz application
author_facet Mohd Redzwan F.N.; Abd Rahman N.H.; Yamada Y.; Subahir S.; Idrus I.I.
author_sort Mohd Redzwan F.N.; Abd Rahman N.H.; Yamada Y.; Subahir S.; Idrus I.I.
title Frequency-Dependency Characteristic of a 4x4 Butler Matrix for 5G sub-6 GHz application
title_short Frequency-Dependency Characteristic of a 4x4 Butler Matrix for 5G sub-6 GHz application
title_full Frequency-Dependency Characteristic of a 4x4 Butler Matrix for 5G sub-6 GHz application
title_fullStr Frequency-Dependency Characteristic of a 4x4 Butler Matrix for 5G sub-6 GHz application
title_full_unstemmed Frequency-Dependency Characteristic of a 4x4 Butler Matrix for 5G sub-6 GHz application
title_sort Frequency-Dependency Characteristic of a 4x4 Butler Matrix for 5G sub-6 GHz application
publishDate 2023
container_title 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, ISAP 2023
container_volume
container_issue
doi_str_mv 10.1109/ISAP57493.2023.10388995
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184798182&doi=10.1109%2fISAP57493.2023.10388995&partnerID=40&md5=84d168bf405927471b9d077edc9a2d1a
description Butler matrix (BM) is a widely used beamforming technique in array signal processing that enables efficient and precise signal distribution to multiple antenna elements. However, the frequency-dependent nature of their design restricts the effectiveness of the conventional Butler matrix to a specific frequency band only, thus leading to the narrow band operation. This paper presents the analysis of the frequency-dependency behaviour through a 4-by-4 BM based on its first-stage operation. Through this analysis, a mathematical correlation was developed between the BM parameters, specifically the electrical length and phase components, by utilizing the phase-to-frequency gradient. This correlation serves as a foundation for subsequent design stages. The 4x4 BM is developed for a sub-6 GHz 5G operation at 3.5 GHz. © 2023 IEEE.
publisher Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
issn
language English
format Conference paper
accesstype
record_format scopus
collection Scopus
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