Frequency-Dependency Characteristic of a 4x4 Butler Matrix for 5G sub-6 GHz application
Butler matrix (BM) is a widely used beamforming technique in array signal processing that enables efficient and precise signal distribution to multiple antenna elements. However, the frequency-dependent nature of their design restricts the effectiveness of the conventional Butler matrix to a specifi...
| Published in: | 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, ISAP 2023 |
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| Main Author: | |
| Format: | Conference paper |
| Language: | English |
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
2023
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| Online Access: | https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184798182&doi=10.1109%2fISAP57493.2023.10388995&partnerID=40&md5=84d168bf405927471b9d077edc9a2d1a |
| Summary: | Butler matrix (BM) is a widely used beamforming technique in array signal processing that enables efficient and precise signal distribution to multiple antenna elements. However, the frequency-dependent nature of their design restricts the effectiveness of the conventional Butler matrix to a specific frequency band only, thus leading to the narrow band operation. This paper presents the analysis of the frequency-dependency behaviour through a 4-by-4 BM based on its first-stage operation. Through this analysis, a mathematical correlation was developed between the BM parameters, specifically the electrical length and phase components, by utilizing the phase-to-frequency gradient. This correlation serves as a foundation for subsequent design stages. The 4x4 BM is developed for a sub-6 GHz 5G operation at 3.5 GHz. © 2023 IEEE. |
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| DOI: | 10.1109/ISAP57493.2023.10388995 |