Radiological Assessment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORMs) in Selected Building Materials

The use of building materials containing high concentration of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) may result in the increase of radiation dose rate inside the building. The assessment of radiological hazard in building materials is necessary due to the concern of radiological impact t...

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Published in:Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology
Main Author: Ismail N.I.; Yunus S.M.; Ariffin N.A.N.; Saipuddin S.F.; Rahman A.T.A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Semarak Ilmu Publishing 2024
Online Access:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184163507&doi=10.37934%2faraset.38.1.203209&partnerID=40&md5=a3e1f04880f799931af18aa7443febc5
id 2-s2.0-85184163507
spelling 2-s2.0-85184163507
Ismail N.I.; Yunus S.M.; Ariffin N.A.N.; Saipuddin S.F.; Rahman A.T.A.
Radiological Assessment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORMs) in Selected Building Materials
2024
Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology
38
1
10.37934/araset.38.1.203209
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184163507&doi=10.37934%2faraset.38.1.203209&partnerID=40&md5=a3e1f04880f799931af18aa7443febc5
The use of building materials containing high concentration of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) may result in the increase of radiation dose rate inside the building. The assessment of radiological hazard in building materials is necessary due to the concern of radiological impact to the people in the building. NORMs present naturally in the environment, but the concentration of radionuclide such as uranium (238U), thorium (232Th) and potassium (40K) may increase due to anthropogenic activities. NORM at certain limit becomes hazardous to environment and human. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the level of natural radioactivity in Malaysia’s building materials and to assess the associated radiological risk of selected building materials. The selected material used were sand, soil, cement (white and black), bricks (sand and clay), marble and gravel. The assessment of NORMs in building materials were carried out and the concentrations of were determined using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). Activity concentrations of238U,232Th and40K were found to be in the range of 13.93-60.09 Bq/kg, 3.44-128.14 Bq/kg and 2.11-1294.93 % respectively. The external hazard index for all building material samples is under the permissible limits (<1.0) except gravel (1.10). The external hazard index must be less than unity in order to keep the radiation hazard to be negligible. It is suggested that the radiological risk of raw material is predetermined before being used as building material. © 2024, Semarak Ilmu Publishing. All rights reserved.
Semarak Ilmu Publishing
24621943
English
Article
All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access
author Ismail N.I.; Yunus S.M.; Ariffin N.A.N.; Saipuddin S.F.; Rahman A.T.A.
spellingShingle Ismail N.I.; Yunus S.M.; Ariffin N.A.N.; Saipuddin S.F.; Rahman A.T.A.
Radiological Assessment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORMs) in Selected Building Materials
author_facet Ismail N.I.; Yunus S.M.; Ariffin N.A.N.; Saipuddin S.F.; Rahman A.T.A.
author_sort Ismail N.I.; Yunus S.M.; Ariffin N.A.N.; Saipuddin S.F.; Rahman A.T.A.
title Radiological Assessment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORMs) in Selected Building Materials
title_short Radiological Assessment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORMs) in Selected Building Materials
title_full Radiological Assessment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORMs) in Selected Building Materials
title_fullStr Radiological Assessment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORMs) in Selected Building Materials
title_full_unstemmed Radiological Assessment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORMs) in Selected Building Materials
title_sort Radiological Assessment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORMs) in Selected Building Materials
publishDate 2024
container_title Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology
container_volume 38
container_issue 1
doi_str_mv 10.37934/araset.38.1.203209
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184163507&doi=10.37934%2faraset.38.1.203209&partnerID=40&md5=a3e1f04880f799931af18aa7443febc5
description The use of building materials containing high concentration of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) may result in the increase of radiation dose rate inside the building. The assessment of radiological hazard in building materials is necessary due to the concern of radiological impact to the people in the building. NORMs present naturally in the environment, but the concentration of radionuclide such as uranium (238U), thorium (232Th) and potassium (40K) may increase due to anthropogenic activities. NORM at certain limit becomes hazardous to environment and human. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the level of natural radioactivity in Malaysia’s building materials and to assess the associated radiological risk of selected building materials. The selected material used were sand, soil, cement (white and black), bricks (sand and clay), marble and gravel. The assessment of NORMs in building materials were carried out and the concentrations of were determined using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). Activity concentrations of238U,232Th and40K were found to be in the range of 13.93-60.09 Bq/kg, 3.44-128.14 Bq/kg and 2.11-1294.93 % respectively. The external hazard index for all building material samples is under the permissible limits (<1.0) except gravel (1.10). The external hazard index must be less than unity in order to keep the radiation hazard to be negligible. It is suggested that the radiological risk of raw material is predetermined before being used as building material. © 2024, Semarak Ilmu Publishing. All rights reserved.
publisher Semarak Ilmu Publishing
issn 24621943
language English
format Article
accesstype All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access
record_format scopus
collection Scopus
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