| Summary: | The hydrolysis process of sunflower oil (SFO) was carried out to produce sunflower oil fatty acids (SFOFAs). The optimization of reaction parameters was performed using response surface methodology (RSM) via D-optimal design. The optimization parameters were varied from 1.0 to 2.5 M molarity of ethanolic KOH, 50 to 70°C of reaction temperature and 0.5 to 2.5 hours of reaction time. The highest percentage of SFOFAs yield was 96.68% with a free fatty acid (FFA) of 103.23%, which was achieved at optimal conditions: 2.3 M ethanolic KOH concentration, reaction temperature of 50.14°C and 0.97 hours of reaction time. The structure of SFO and SFOFAs were confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). SFOFAs was monitored by the absence of C=O (ester) at 1746.33 cm-1 and the existence of C=O (carboxylic acid) at 1710.23 cm-1 with OH stretching at 2400-3400 cm-1 in SFOFAs FTIR spectrum. Under the NMR spectrum of SFOFAs, the absence peak of ester (C=O) at 172.79 to 173.21 ppm (13C NMR), the emergence peak of OH at 10.61 ppm (1H NMR) and the peak of carbon for carboxylic acid (C=O) (13C NMR) at 180.45 ppm showed that the fatty acid was successfully obtained. © 2023, Malaysian Society of Analytical Sciences. All rights reserved.
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