Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Citrullus lanatus Rind Extraction Conditions, Phytochemical Screening and its Antioxidant Activities

• Published in: Trends in Sciences
• Main Author: Kamal N.A.S.S.; Abdullah A.; Ghazali S.A.I.S.M.; Nor N.M.; Dzulkifli N.N.; Badrudin S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Walailak University 2023
• Online Access: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85171658296&doi=10.48048%2ftis.2023.6997&partnerID=40&md5=e68085907bb18d66f03fb267036d886b

Response surface methodology (RSM) is one of the statistical approaches that can be used to determine the correlation between extraction parameters and the extraction yield of bioactive compounds. Citrullus lanatus rind contains various therapeutic values but has often been discarded as waste. This study aims to find the optimum extraction conditions for the yield of C. lanatus rind extract, perform phytochemical screening, and determine the antioxidant activities. Extraction was carried out by maceration technique using methanol as a solvent with a solids-to-solvent ratio of 1:30 w/v. The extraction conditions of C. lanatus rind were optimized using RSM and the optimum yield of 37.24 % was predicted at 41.7 °C after 6 h of extraction. The average actual yield obtained at the optimum conditions was 37.01 % ± 0.66, indicating good agreement with the predicted value. The phytochemical screening of methanolic rind extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, phenols, and flavonoids. The total phenolic content of methanolic rind extract ranging from 56.975 to 88.245 mg GAE/g using gallic acid as a standard, and the DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 443.10 µg/mL was obtained. This study demonstrated that this unutilized C. lanatus rind contains bioactive substituents and can act as a promising natural antioxidant. © 2023, Walailak University. All rights reserved.