| Summary: | The aim of this study is to determine the effects of well-graded coal bottom ash (CBA) on concrete as sand replacement on lightweight concrete in terms of mechanical and thermal properties. Coal bottom ash (CBA) is one of the by-products produced during energy production process in power plant. However, due to high demand electricity in Malaysia, this leads to excess production of CBA and this led to several environmental problems; therefore, to overcome these problems, the utilization of CBA needs to be done. Four different percentages of CBA are used as fine aggregate replacement which are 0, 5, 10, and 15%. In this study, several tests have been done during the utilization of CBA as sand replacement in lightweight concrete which are slump, density, compressive, modulus elasticity, and thermal conductivity test. The results indicated that density recorded was around 1600 kg/m3 which is lower than typical lightweight density (1750 kg/m3). 15% of CBA as sand replacement recorded highest Compressive strength with 17 MPa while 0% is the contra (12 MPa) on 28th days curing. On 28th days of curing, LWC with 15% CBA as sand replacement has the highest value (1.3 GPa) and compared to others. 15% CBA was recorded the lowest thermal conductivity value which is 0.5 W/m.K while the highest 0.7 W/m.K (0% CBA). Overall, CBA can be classified as one of the suitable materials as sand replacement to produce lightweight concrete as it promotes good compression strength as well as lowering the K value. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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