The Molecular Approaches and Challenges of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotyping for Epidemiological Surveillance in the Vaccine Era
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) belongs to the Gram-positive cocci. This bacterium typically colonizes the nasopharyngeal region of healthy individuals. It has a distinct polysaccharide capsule - a virulence factor allowing the bacteria to elude the immune defense mechanisms. Consequently, i...
Published in: | Polish Journal of Microbiology |
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2-s2.0-85162879805 Abdul Rahman N.A.; Mohd Desa M.N.; Masri S.N.; Taib N.M.; Sulaiman N.; Hazman H.; John J. The Molecular Approaches and Challenges of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotyping for Epidemiological Surveillance in the Vaccine Era 2023 Polish Journal of Microbiology 72 2 10.33073/pjm-2023-023 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85162879805&doi=10.33073%2fpjm-2023-023&partnerID=40&md5=89a46bfcdeec428d2229c7eb3735cbe0 Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) belongs to the Gram-positive cocci. This bacterium typically colonizes the nasopharyngeal region of healthy individuals. It has a distinct polysaccharide capsule - a virulence factor allowing the bacteria to elude the immune defense mechanisms. Consequently, it might trigger aggressive conditions like septicemia and meningitis in immunocompromised or older individuals. Moreover, children below five years of age are at risk of morbidity and mortality. Studies have found 101 S. pneumoniae capsular serotypes, of which several correlate with clinical and carriage isolates with distinct disease aggressiveness. Introducing pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) targets the most common disease-associated serotypes. Nevertheless, vaccine selection pressure leads to replacing the formerly dominant vaccine serotypes (VTs) by non-vaccine types (NVTs). Therefore, serotyping must be conducted for epidemiological surveillance and vaccine assessment. Serotyping can be performed using numerous techniques, either by the conventional antisera-based (Quellung and latex agglutination) or molecular-based approaches (sequetyping, multiplex PCR, real-time PCR, and PCR-RFLP). A cost-effective and practical approach must be used to enhance serotyping accuracy to monitor the prevalence of VTs and NVTs. Therefore, dependable pneumococcal serotyping techniques are essential to precisely monitor virulent lineages, NVT emergence, and genetic associations of isolates. This review discusses the principles, associated benefits, and drawbacks of the respective available conventional and molecular approaches, and potentially the whole genome sequencing (WGS) to be directed for future exploration. © 2023 Nurul Asyikin Abdul Rahman et al., published by Sciendo. Sciendo 17331331 English Review All Open Access; Gold Open Access |
author |
Abdul Rahman N.A.; Mohd Desa M.N.; Masri S.N.; Taib N.M.; Sulaiman N.; Hazman H.; John J. |
spellingShingle |
Abdul Rahman N.A.; Mohd Desa M.N.; Masri S.N.; Taib N.M.; Sulaiman N.; Hazman H.; John J. The Molecular Approaches and Challenges of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotyping for Epidemiological Surveillance in the Vaccine Era |
author_facet |
Abdul Rahman N.A.; Mohd Desa M.N.; Masri S.N.; Taib N.M.; Sulaiman N.; Hazman H.; John J. |
author_sort |
Abdul Rahman N.A.; Mohd Desa M.N.; Masri S.N.; Taib N.M.; Sulaiman N.; Hazman H.; John J. |
title |
The Molecular Approaches and Challenges of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotyping for Epidemiological Surveillance in the Vaccine Era |
title_short |
The Molecular Approaches and Challenges of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotyping for Epidemiological Surveillance in the Vaccine Era |
title_full |
The Molecular Approaches and Challenges of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotyping for Epidemiological Surveillance in the Vaccine Era |
title_fullStr |
The Molecular Approaches and Challenges of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotyping for Epidemiological Surveillance in the Vaccine Era |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Molecular Approaches and Challenges of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotyping for Epidemiological Surveillance in the Vaccine Era |
title_sort |
The Molecular Approaches and Challenges of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotyping for Epidemiological Surveillance in the Vaccine Era |
publishDate |
2023 |
container_title |
Polish Journal of Microbiology |
container_volume |
72 |
container_issue |
2 |
doi_str_mv |
10.33073/pjm-2023-023 |
url |
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85162879805&doi=10.33073%2fpjm-2023-023&partnerID=40&md5=89a46bfcdeec428d2229c7eb3735cbe0 |
description |
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) belongs to the Gram-positive cocci. This bacterium typically colonizes the nasopharyngeal region of healthy individuals. It has a distinct polysaccharide capsule - a virulence factor allowing the bacteria to elude the immune defense mechanisms. Consequently, it might trigger aggressive conditions like septicemia and meningitis in immunocompromised or older individuals. Moreover, children below five years of age are at risk of morbidity and mortality. Studies have found 101 S. pneumoniae capsular serotypes, of which several correlate with clinical and carriage isolates with distinct disease aggressiveness. Introducing pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) targets the most common disease-associated serotypes. Nevertheless, vaccine selection pressure leads to replacing the formerly dominant vaccine serotypes (VTs) by non-vaccine types (NVTs). Therefore, serotyping must be conducted for epidemiological surveillance and vaccine assessment. Serotyping can be performed using numerous techniques, either by the conventional antisera-based (Quellung and latex agglutination) or molecular-based approaches (sequetyping, multiplex PCR, real-time PCR, and PCR-RFLP). A cost-effective and practical approach must be used to enhance serotyping accuracy to monitor the prevalence of VTs and NVTs. Therefore, dependable pneumococcal serotyping techniques are essential to precisely monitor virulent lineages, NVT emergence, and genetic associations of isolates. This review discusses the principles, associated benefits, and drawbacks of the respective available conventional and molecular approaches, and potentially the whole genome sequencing (WGS) to be directed for future exploration. © 2023 Nurul Asyikin Abdul Rahman et al., published by Sciendo. |
publisher |
Sciendo |
issn |
17331331 |
language |
English |
format |
Review |
accesstype |
All Open Access; Gold Open Access |
record_format |
scopus |
collection |
Scopus |
_version_ |
1809678017228701696 |