Toxicity Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) on Two Green Microalgae Species

Amongst per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) compounds, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have a high persistence in physicochemical and biological degradation; therefore, the accumulation of PFOS and PFOA can negatively affect aquatic organisms and human healt...

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Published in:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Main Author: Mojiri A.; Nazari Vishkaei M.; Ansari H.K.; Vakili M.; Farraji H.; Kasmuri N.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI 2023
Online Access:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147894185&doi=10.3390%2fijms24032446&partnerID=40&md5=d1a4362f85ecf97171688377685884e4
id 2-s2.0-85147894185
spelling 2-s2.0-85147894185
Mojiri A.; Nazari Vishkaei M.; Ansari H.K.; Vakili M.; Farraji H.; Kasmuri N.
Toxicity Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) on Two Green Microalgae Species
2023
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
24
3
10.3390/ijms24032446
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147894185&doi=10.3390%2fijms24032446&partnerID=40&md5=d1a4362f85ecf97171688377685884e4
Amongst per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) compounds, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have a high persistence in physicochemical and biological degradation; therefore, the accumulation of PFOS and PFOA can negatively affect aquatic organisms and human health. In this study, two microalgae species (Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus) were exposed to different concentrations of a PFOS and PFOA mixture (0 to 10 mg L−1). With increases in the contact time (days) and the PFAS concentration (mg L−1) from 1 to 7, and 0.5 to 10, respectively, the cell viability, total chlorophyll content, and protein content decreased, and the decrease in these parameters was significantly greater in Scenedesmus obliquus. As another step in the study, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the toxicity effects of PFAS on microalgae in a logical way, as demonstrated by the high R2 (>0.9). In another stage, a molecular docking study was performed to monitor the interaction of PFOS and PFOA with the microalgae, considering hydrolysis and the enzymes involved in oxidation-reduction reactions using individual enzymes. The analysis was conducted on carboxypeptidase in Chlorella vulgaris and on c-terminal processing protease and oxidized cytochrome c6 in Scenedesmus obliquus. For the enzyme activity, the affinity and dimensions of ligands-binding sites and ligand-binding energy were estimated in each case. © 2023 by the authors.
MDPI
16616596
English
Article
All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access
author Mojiri A.; Nazari Vishkaei M.; Ansari H.K.; Vakili M.; Farraji H.; Kasmuri N.
spellingShingle Mojiri A.; Nazari Vishkaei M.; Ansari H.K.; Vakili M.; Farraji H.; Kasmuri N.
Toxicity Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) on Two Green Microalgae Species
author_facet Mojiri A.; Nazari Vishkaei M.; Ansari H.K.; Vakili M.; Farraji H.; Kasmuri N.
author_sort Mojiri A.; Nazari Vishkaei M.; Ansari H.K.; Vakili M.; Farraji H.; Kasmuri N.
title Toxicity Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) on Two Green Microalgae Species
title_short Toxicity Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) on Two Green Microalgae Species
title_full Toxicity Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) on Two Green Microalgae Species
title_fullStr Toxicity Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) on Two Green Microalgae Species
title_full_unstemmed Toxicity Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) on Two Green Microalgae Species
title_sort Toxicity Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) on Two Green Microalgae Species
publishDate 2023
container_title International Journal of Molecular Sciences
container_volume 24
container_issue 3
doi_str_mv 10.3390/ijms24032446
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147894185&doi=10.3390%2fijms24032446&partnerID=40&md5=d1a4362f85ecf97171688377685884e4
description Amongst per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) compounds, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have a high persistence in physicochemical and biological degradation; therefore, the accumulation of PFOS and PFOA can negatively affect aquatic organisms and human health. In this study, two microalgae species (Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus) were exposed to different concentrations of a PFOS and PFOA mixture (0 to 10 mg L−1). With increases in the contact time (days) and the PFAS concentration (mg L−1) from 1 to 7, and 0.5 to 10, respectively, the cell viability, total chlorophyll content, and protein content decreased, and the decrease in these parameters was significantly greater in Scenedesmus obliquus. As another step in the study, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the toxicity effects of PFAS on microalgae in a logical way, as demonstrated by the high R2 (>0.9). In another stage, a molecular docking study was performed to monitor the interaction of PFOS and PFOA with the microalgae, considering hydrolysis and the enzymes involved in oxidation-reduction reactions using individual enzymes. The analysis was conducted on carboxypeptidase in Chlorella vulgaris and on c-terminal processing protease and oxidized cytochrome c6 in Scenedesmus obliquus. For the enzyme activity, the affinity and dimensions of ligands-binding sites and ligand-binding energy were estimated in each case. © 2023 by the authors.
publisher MDPI
issn 16616596
language English
format Article
accesstype All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access
record_format scopus
collection Scopus
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