| Summary: | New ceramic scaffolds have the ability to be designed to replace the hip bone with different shapes. In this research, the aim is to fabricate a porous scaffold by fused deposition modeling (FDM) with three geometric shapes of circle, multi-circle and square for bone replacement applications. Biological tests included immersing the samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) to monitor the apatite formation and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) to check weight loss and ion concentration changes. Morphological examination was evaluated by examining the surface of the sample before and after immersion in the SBF using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The obtained mechanical results such as elastic modulus and compressive strength were used in the finite element analysis (FEA). The mechanical results showed that the sample with a multi-circle structure have a higher elastic modulus under the compressive strength about 32 MPa. Also, the porosity percentage showed that the highest porosity belongs to the second sample. The stress-strain results show that the second sample has a compressive strength of about 2.6 MPa. The FEA of the samples show that the sample with square structure has the highest stress compared to the other sample. The apatite growth in all three samples had similar trend. The mechanical and morphological analysis shows the fracture surface of the bone scaffold under compressive loading for the third sample has porosity of about 42% and the lowest compressive strength of about 1.85 ± 0.8 MPa. In order to reduce the amount of remain stress, the first and second samples should be used for the pelvic bone repair. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.
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