| Summary: | Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used because of its good biocompatibility and stability. Various methods were used to prepare TiO2 by using chemical, biological, and physical methods. In this paper, the currents methods to prepare TiO2 were evaluated either with or without using plant extract. The average particle size produced for different methods of technique and its application was also analyzed. Chemical methods use toxic chemical while physical methods such as gamma produce high energy and using biological method with plant extract is more environmentally friendly. This review gives an up-to-date summary of TiO2 produced using various synthesis methods with the focus on their particle sizes properties. Recent publications on this topic were extracted from related journals obtained from Science Direct online database from the year 2010 to 2021. Preparation methods, average particles sizes, and the applications of the synthesized TiO2 were evaluated and further discussed in this review. It was found that TiO2 of smaller particle sizes were obtained when synthesized without using plant extract. Furthermore, many researchers tend to combine TiO2 with other materials or composites to be mixed with polymers for various purposes of application especially wastewater treatment application. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
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