| Summary: | Okara is a perishable and waste byproduct that is mostly discarded or used as feed. This research focused on increasing the value of its valuable components through a safe and simple process in order to solve overproduction issues and improve okara utilization value. Because of its high concentration of through fibers and phytochemicals, it could be used in ball milling, a powerful technique for improving structure and characterization. Okara waste was mesh for the control sample, and it was also ball milled at five different speeds: 100 rpm, 200 rpm, 300 rpm, 400 rpm, and 500 rpm. The particle size was reduced around 80-140 μm after ball milling treatment. Okara's functional groups included O-H bonds, C-H bonds, and C=O bonds. According to EDX analysis, the adsorbents were primarily composed of C (66 %), O (17 %), Na (7 %), and Cl (9 %). Because okara waste has a high carbon content, it can be used as a natural precursor for graphene synthesis. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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