Spatio-temporal clustering of sarawak malaysia total protected area visitors

Based on data of visitors to national parks, nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries in Sarawak, this study’s objective is to use the spatial and temporal analysis to describe the underlying trend and temporal pattern of local and foreign visitors and ultimately infer the temporal distribution of v...

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Published in:Sustainability (Switzerland)
Main Author: Abang Abdurahman A.Z.; Md Nasir S.A.; Wan Yaacob W.F.; Jaya S.; Mokhtar S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI 2021
Online Access:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85117702001&doi=10.3390%2fsu132111618&partnerID=40&md5=31fc150c0137d303d3de5acbb26091bb
id 2-s2.0-85117702001
spelling 2-s2.0-85117702001
Abang Abdurahman A.Z.; Md Nasir S.A.; Wan Yaacob W.F.; Jaya S.; Mokhtar S.
Spatio-temporal clustering of sarawak malaysia total protected area visitors
2021
Sustainability (Switzerland)
13
21
10.3390/su132111618
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85117702001&doi=10.3390%2fsu132111618&partnerID=40&md5=31fc150c0137d303d3de5acbb26091bb
Based on data of visitors to national parks, nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries in Sarawak, this study’s objective is to use the spatial and temporal analysis to describe the underlying trend and temporal pattern of local and foreign visitors and ultimately infer the temporal distribution of visitors to 18 different TPAs. The second aim of the study is to cluster the visitors according to the location of TPAs using Wards hierarchical clustering method. By comparing average monthly visitors’ count, we observed that the average number of monthly visitors significantly reflects the distribution concentration of visitors based on the spatial map. Findings indicate that the monthly distributions of local and foreign visitors differ according to different TPAs. The spatial and temporal analysis found that local visitors’ arrival is high at the end of the year while foreign visitors showed significant arrival during the months of July, August and September. The Wards minimum variance method was able to cluster TPAs local and foreign visitors into very high, high, medium and low visitor area. This study provides additional information that could contribute to identifying the periods of highest visitor pressure, design measures to manage the concentration of visitors and improve the overall visitors’ experience. The findings of the study are also important to respective local authorities in providing information for planning and monitoring tourism in TPAs. Consecu-tively, this will ensure sustainability of TPAs resources while protecting their biodiversity. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
MDPI
20711050
English
Article
All Open Access; Gold Open Access
author Abang Abdurahman A.Z.; Md Nasir S.A.; Wan Yaacob W.F.; Jaya S.; Mokhtar S.
spellingShingle Abang Abdurahman A.Z.; Md Nasir S.A.; Wan Yaacob W.F.; Jaya S.; Mokhtar S.
Spatio-temporal clustering of sarawak malaysia total protected area visitors
author_facet Abang Abdurahman A.Z.; Md Nasir S.A.; Wan Yaacob W.F.; Jaya S.; Mokhtar S.
author_sort Abang Abdurahman A.Z.; Md Nasir S.A.; Wan Yaacob W.F.; Jaya S.; Mokhtar S.
title Spatio-temporal clustering of sarawak malaysia total protected area visitors
title_short Spatio-temporal clustering of sarawak malaysia total protected area visitors
title_full Spatio-temporal clustering of sarawak malaysia total protected area visitors
title_fullStr Spatio-temporal clustering of sarawak malaysia total protected area visitors
title_full_unstemmed Spatio-temporal clustering of sarawak malaysia total protected area visitors
title_sort Spatio-temporal clustering of sarawak malaysia total protected area visitors
publishDate 2021
container_title Sustainability (Switzerland)
container_volume 13
container_issue 21
doi_str_mv 10.3390/su132111618
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85117702001&doi=10.3390%2fsu132111618&partnerID=40&md5=31fc150c0137d303d3de5acbb26091bb
description Based on data of visitors to national parks, nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries in Sarawak, this study’s objective is to use the spatial and temporal analysis to describe the underlying trend and temporal pattern of local and foreign visitors and ultimately infer the temporal distribution of visitors to 18 different TPAs. The second aim of the study is to cluster the visitors according to the location of TPAs using Wards hierarchical clustering method. By comparing average monthly visitors’ count, we observed that the average number of monthly visitors significantly reflects the distribution concentration of visitors based on the spatial map. Findings indicate that the monthly distributions of local and foreign visitors differ according to different TPAs. The spatial and temporal analysis found that local visitors’ arrival is high at the end of the year while foreign visitors showed significant arrival during the months of July, August and September. The Wards minimum variance method was able to cluster TPAs local and foreign visitors into very high, high, medium and low visitor area. This study provides additional information that could contribute to identifying the periods of highest visitor pressure, design measures to manage the concentration of visitors and improve the overall visitors’ experience. The findings of the study are also important to respective local authorities in providing information for planning and monitoring tourism in TPAs. Consecu-tively, this will ensure sustainability of TPAs resources while protecting their biodiversity. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
publisher MDPI
issn 20711050
language English
format Article
accesstype All Open Access; Gold Open Access
record_format scopus
collection Scopus
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