| Summary: | The uncertainty of cycle time due to manpower performance could affect the efficiency of completion time at a production line. Ultimately, the challenges of manpower performance contribute to tardiness, which is the delay of a job’s due date from its completion time. Hence, the cycle time of a specific task must coordinate efficiently to ensure the smoothness of production operation. In this regards, a company facing the issue of uncertain cycle time due to manpower factor in producing an audio system for the automotive sector was considered. This study aims to determine the best-so-far cycle time to produce the audio system at a production based on manpower performance. To mimic a production line, a simulation model was developed based on a system dynamics (SD) approach. Subsequently, what-if analysis is conducted by adjusting the cycle time to observe the effect of schedule pressure and manpower fatigue on productivity. As a result, 5 s is the best cycle time to produce the product at the production of the selected company. Consequently, a policy on setting the cycle time at the production was proposed for the best completion time without tardiness. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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