| Summary: | Widespread use of penicillins (PENs) has brought about the pollution of wastewater and contamination of food, leading to antibiotic resistance which is detrimental to human life. PEN residues are being constantly identified in different matrices at low concentration. Several studies have been performed to extract these residues from environmental and food matrices. Sample preparation approaches like solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid phase extraction (LLE) have been developed for their quantitation. SPE, in particular, shows great demand as an essential step to raise both practical efficiency and analytical sensitivity. Conventional SPE methods used for the extraction of antibiotics are relatively expensive, tedious and generally require long analysis time. In this review, recent miniaturized SPE methods and their applications for extraction of PENs from various matrices will be discussed. The methods represent fast, modern and efficient approaches to trace analytes. Selected examples will illustrate the various features of miniaturized SPE methods and their applications in food, biological, and environmental areas. With that, this paper presents a review of previous studies pertaining to miniaturized SPE methods that focused on the analysis of PENs in variety of matrices from the year 2015 to 2020. © 2021, Malaysian Society of Analytical Sciences. All rights reserved.
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