Assessment of water quality index and heavy metals in Sungai Bunus, Malaysia

Water Quality Index (WQI) is an indicator of water quality. The index is shown in classes where Class I indicates a Natural Level of water quality, Classes IIA/IIB, Class III and IV indicate the presence of a certain amount of pollutant, and Class V highly polluted water. Hence, this study was condu...

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Published in:Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Main Author: Rahim A.H.A.; Kasmuri N.
Format: Conference paper
Language:English
Published: Institute of Physics Publishing 2020
Online Access:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087960014&doi=10.1088%2f1742-6596%2f1529%2f2%2f022028&partnerID=40&md5=9637f782a781d0c531194e9e10e68c7b
id 2-s2.0-85087960014
spelling 2-s2.0-85087960014
Rahim A.H.A.; Kasmuri N.
Assessment of water quality index and heavy metals in Sungai Bunus, Malaysia
2020
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
1529
2
10.1088/1742-6596/1529/2/022028
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087960014&doi=10.1088%2f1742-6596%2f1529%2f2%2f022028&partnerID=40&md5=9637f782a781d0c531194e9e10e68c7b
Water Quality Index (WQI) is an indicator of water quality. The index is shown in classes where Class I indicates a Natural Level of water quality, Classes IIA/IIB, Class III and IV indicate the presence of a certain amount of pollutant, and Class V highly polluted water. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the current WQI and the extent of heavy metals present in Sungai Bunus, a river in Selangor, Malaysia, by Harkins's Standardized Distances Method (HSDM). Water samples were taken six times between 24th October 2016 and 11th November 2016 at the upstream, middle stream and downstream of the Sungai Bunus. Five in situ tests and eight laboratory tests were conducted. The findings showed that the upstream of the Sungai Bunus was the cleanest, measured 63.40 % while the downstream the dirtiest, 39.97 %. Secondly, it showed that this river contained the lowest heavy metals in the upstream compared to the other parts. The upstream Harkins index was 12.17, the middle stream between 11.33 and 30.47, and the downstream 15.67 - 28.70. Cadmium, chromium, iron, and manganese were found in the river water, which exceeded the Raw Water Quality and Drinking Water Quality Standards. It was also found that the cadmium and chromium exceeded the highest permissible effluent standards B, where cadmium was 0.02 mg/L while chromium 0.05 mg/L. To improve the water quality of this river to the Class IIB standard, it is recommended that the Bunus Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) be upgraded and the source of pollutions identified. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.
Institute of Physics Publishing
17426588
English
Conference paper
All Open Access; Gold Open Access
author Rahim A.H.A.; Kasmuri N.
spellingShingle Rahim A.H.A.; Kasmuri N.
Assessment of water quality index and heavy metals in Sungai Bunus, Malaysia
author_facet Rahim A.H.A.; Kasmuri N.
author_sort Rahim A.H.A.; Kasmuri N.
title Assessment of water quality index and heavy metals in Sungai Bunus, Malaysia
title_short Assessment of water quality index and heavy metals in Sungai Bunus, Malaysia
title_full Assessment of water quality index and heavy metals in Sungai Bunus, Malaysia
title_fullStr Assessment of water quality index and heavy metals in Sungai Bunus, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of water quality index and heavy metals in Sungai Bunus, Malaysia
title_sort Assessment of water quality index and heavy metals in Sungai Bunus, Malaysia
publishDate 2020
container_title Journal of Physics: Conference Series
container_volume 1529
container_issue 2
doi_str_mv 10.1088/1742-6596/1529/2/022028
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087960014&doi=10.1088%2f1742-6596%2f1529%2f2%2f022028&partnerID=40&md5=9637f782a781d0c531194e9e10e68c7b
description Water Quality Index (WQI) is an indicator of water quality. The index is shown in classes where Class I indicates a Natural Level of water quality, Classes IIA/IIB, Class III and IV indicate the presence of a certain amount of pollutant, and Class V highly polluted water. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the current WQI and the extent of heavy metals present in Sungai Bunus, a river in Selangor, Malaysia, by Harkins's Standardized Distances Method (HSDM). Water samples were taken six times between 24th October 2016 and 11th November 2016 at the upstream, middle stream and downstream of the Sungai Bunus. Five in situ tests and eight laboratory tests were conducted. The findings showed that the upstream of the Sungai Bunus was the cleanest, measured 63.40 % while the downstream the dirtiest, 39.97 %. Secondly, it showed that this river contained the lowest heavy metals in the upstream compared to the other parts. The upstream Harkins index was 12.17, the middle stream between 11.33 and 30.47, and the downstream 15.67 - 28.70. Cadmium, chromium, iron, and manganese were found in the river water, which exceeded the Raw Water Quality and Drinking Water Quality Standards. It was also found that the cadmium and chromium exceeded the highest permissible effluent standards B, where cadmium was 0.02 mg/L while chromium 0.05 mg/L. To improve the water quality of this river to the Class IIB standard, it is recommended that the Bunus Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) be upgraded and the source of pollutions identified. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.
publisher Institute of Physics Publishing
issn 17426588
language English
format Conference paper
accesstype All Open Access; Gold Open Access
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collection Scopus
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