Annatto (Bixa orellana) δ-TCT supplementation protection against embryonic malformations through alterations in PI3K/akt-cyclin D1 pathway

• Published in: Biomolecules
• Main Author: Mutalip S.S.M.; Rajikin M.H.; Rahim S.A.; Khan N.M.N.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2019
• Online Access: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059912784&doi=10.3390%2fbiom9010019&partnerID=40&md5=8d6f8f1938a40a6aab1e17e84362d5db

Protective action by annatto-derived delta-tocotrienol (δ-TCT) and soy-derived alpha-tocopherol (α-TOC) through the regulation of the PI3K/Akt-cyclin D1 pathway against nicotine-induced DNA damage is the focus of the present study. Nicotine, which has been widely reported to have numerous adverse effects on the reproductive system, was used as a reproductive toxicant. 48 female balb/c mice (6–8 weeks) (23–25 g) were randomly divided into eight groups (Grp.1–Grp.8; n = 6) and treated with either nicotine or/and annatto δ-TCT/soy α-TOC for seven consecutive days. On Day 8, the females were superovulated and mated before euthanization for embryo collection (46 h post-coitum). Fifty 2-cell embryos from each group were used in gene expression analysis using Affymetrix QuantiGene Plex2.0 assay. Findings indicated that nicotine (Grp.2) significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the number of produced 2-cell embryos compared to the control (Grp.1). Intervention with mixed annatto δ-TCT (Grp.3) and pure annatto δ-TCT (Grp.4) significantly increased the number of produced 2-cell embryos by 127% and 79%, respectively compared to Grp.2, but these were lower than Grp.1. Concurrent treatment with soy α-TOC (Grp.5) decreased embryo production by 7%. Supplementations with δ-TCT and α-TOC alone (Grp.6-Grp.8) significantly increased (p < 0.05) the number of produced 2-cell embryos by 50%, 36%, and 41%, respectively, compared to control (Grp.1). These results were found to be associated with alterations in the PI3K/Akt-Cyclin D1 genes expressions, indicating the inhibitory effects of annatto δ-TCT and soy α-TOC against nicotinic embryonic damage. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt in studying the benefits of annatto δ-TCT on murine preimplantation 2-cell embryos. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.